The lower region of the body. In humans it contains the digestive organs, kidneys etc.
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Accurate
A measurement is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value.
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Acid Rain
Rain that is acidic due to dissolved gases, such as sulphur dioxide, produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
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Active Transport
The movement of substances against a concentration gradient and/or across a cell membrane, using energy.
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Adaptation
Special feature that makes an organism particularly well suited to the environment where it lives.
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ADH
Anti-diuretic Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain that affects the amount of water lost through the kidneys in the urine.
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Adult Cell Cloning
Process in which the nucleus of an adult cell of one animal is fused with an empty egg from another animal. The embryo which results is placed inside the uterus of a third animal to develop.
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Adult Stem Cells
Stem cells (cell with the potential to differentiate and form a variety of other cell types) that are found in small quantities in adult tissues.
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Aerobic Respiration
Breaking down food using oxygen to release energy for the cells.
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Agar
The nutrient jelly on which many microorganisms are cultured.
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Agglutinate
Stick together.
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Agriculture
Growing plants or other organisms on farms to supply human needs e.g. for food, clothing etc.
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Algae
Single-celled or simple multicellular organisms that can photosynthesise but are not plants.
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Algal cells
The cells of algae, single-celled or simple multicellular organisms, which can photosynthesise but are not plants.
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Allele
A version of a particular gene.
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Alveoli
The tiny air sacs in the lungs which increase the surface area for gaseous exchange.
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Amino Acids
The building blocks of a protein.
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Amylase
The enzyme made in the salivary glands and the pancreas which speeds up the breakdown of starch into simple sugars.
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Anaerobic Respiration
Breaking down food without oxygen to release energy for the cells.
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Anomalous Result
Result that does not match the pattern seen in the other data collected or is well outside the range of other repeat readings. It should be retested and if necessary discarded.
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Anther
Makes pollen containing the male gametes of the plant.
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Antibiotic
Drug that destroys bacteria inside the body without damaging human cells.
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Antibodies
Proteins made by the white blood cells which bind to specific antigens.
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Antigen
The unique protein on the surface of a cell. It is recognised by the immune system as ‘self’ or ‘nonself’.
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Aorta
The main artery leaving the left ventricle carrying oxygenated blood to the body.
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Artery
Blood vessel which carries blood away from the heart. It usually carries oxygenated blood and has a pulse.
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Artificial Pacemaker
An electrical device that can be implanted to act as pacemaker for the heart when the natural pacemaker region fails.
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Asexual Budding
A form of asexual reproduction where a complete new individual forms as a bud on the parent organism e.g. yeast, hydra.
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Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction that involves only one individual with no fusing of gametes to produce the offspring. The offspring are identical to the parent.
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Atrium
The small upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives blood from the body and the left atrium receives blood from the lungs.
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Auxin
A plant hormone that controls the response of plants to light (phototropism) and to gravity (gravitropism).
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A measurement is considered accurate if it is judged to be close to the true value.
Back
Accurate
Card 3
Front
Rain that is acidic due to dissolved gases, such as sulphur dioxide, produced by the burning of fossil fuels.
Back
Card 4
Front
The movement of substances against a concentration gradient and/or across a cell membrane, using energy.
Back
Card 5
Front
Special feature that makes an organism particularly well suited to the environment where it lives.
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