authority (mum and dad told me), logic, observation/ evidence.
2 of 17
what is inferential reasoning?
making a general assumption based on data
3 of 17
what is deduction?
as long as the premises are true then the conclusion will be true, i.e premise A: all swans are white, premise b: ben is a swan, conclusion: ben is white. Starts with general and then goes specific.
4 of 17
what is induction?
using specific premises to come to a general conclusion, i.e 3 swans are white therefore all swans are white... not always true i.e how do we know theres not a black swan?
5 of 17
what is verificationism? what are the downsides of it? how can this be prevented?
a proposition is only meaningful if it can be proved true or false by evidence, however it is tempting to seek out evidence that agrees with our theory so use critical perspective i.e seek to disprove theories
6 of 17
what is falsificationism? who by?
Karl Popper - a theory can never be confirmed no matter how much evidence there is, it can only be disproved i.e all swans are white, disproved by seeing black swan
7 of 17
what does spatial resolution tell us about measuring brain activity?
spatial location tells us where activity occurs and what spatial pattern it takes
8 of 17
what does temporal resolution tell us?
the precision of a measurement with the respect to time
9 of 17
what are hemodynamic techniques of brain measurements? advs disadvs?
PET scans and FMRIs - good spatial resolution, poor temporal resolution
10 of 17
what are electromagnetic techniques? advs disadvs?
EEGs and MEGs - poor spatial resolution, good temporal resolution
11 of 17
what are EEGs?
brain activity causes small fluctuations in the electrical field around the head, electrodes measure this activity at various points on the scalp, records signals up to several times per millisecond
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what are ERPs?
brain shows reliable waveform after a stimulus is shown, these waveforms differ based on the cognitive condition, can determine how early functions start
13 of 17
what artefacts are EEGs affected by?
physiological such as eye blinks/ movements, muscle movement, cardiogenuc, sweat.
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what is a MEG?
similar to EEG but records magnetic fluctuations around the head, , electrical currents associated with brain activity create magnetic fields, recorded in special shielded chambers
15 of 17
what is an MRI?
head placed in strong magnetic field caused by superconducting coils surrounding patient, field causes hydrogen atoms to respond to magnetic pulses in a way depending on type of tissues they're in
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what is transcranial magnetic stimulation?n
coils placed on head, brief current, very brief magnetic pulse, induces currents in brain tissue
17 of 17
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what is the typical basis of beliefs?
Back
authority (mum and dad told me), logic, observation/ evidence.
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