History of cognitive psychology
- Created by: Amy
- Created on: 21-12-21 18:35
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- History of cog psych
- Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) founded first formal laboratory for psychological research , established psych as a seperate science, formed first journal for psychological research
- Structuralism
- developed by Wundt
- defines psych as a science of immediate experience
- studies structure of mind uses introspection as a method
- Stimulus error- describing the object of the experience rather than the experience itself
- William James (1842-1910)
- Insisted on psych as a functional science- an individual is an active being within an environment
- introduced stream of consciousness theory
- James- Lange theory of emotion - emotions are feelings which come about rather than being their cause
- event> arousal> interpretation> emotion
- Functionalism
- William James and James Angell main proponents
- Inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution
- focused on function of conscious activity rather than the structure
- emphasis on bio sig of behaviour
- 3 basic principles (Angell)
- functional psych is the study of mental operations not mental structures
- mental processes are studied as part of bio activity of the organism not isolated events
- no meaningful distinction between mind and body- they are part of the same entitiy
- Behaviourism
- John B Wtason (1878-1958)- father of behaviourism
- Subject matter of psych is observable behaviour, most research focused on process of learning as it translates to observable behaviour
- B F Skinner- operant conditioning
- The cognitive revolution (1950s-80s)
- reaction against behaviourism
- led to dev of cog science- interdisciplinary field that involved a number of disciplines
- single dissociation- 1 patient performs well on one task but bad on another so we can make inferences
- eg patient DF could not place a card in a slot but could when asked to do it as if 'mailing a letter'- struggled with judging orientation, had visual control
- double dissociation- 2 patients on 2 sets of tasks, patient 1 does well on task 1 poorly on 2, patient 2 does poorly on task 1 but good on 2, stronger evidence
- Cognitive neuroscience- a study of the neural substrates of mental processes, uses brain imaging techniques, tries to find out when and where cog processes occur
- Techniques- ERPs, MRIs
- Multidisplinary academic field- uses multiple methods
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