2 mono join through condensation reaction, OH + OH = H2O + glycosidic bond and visa versa
1 of 24
Structure of starch
amylose = long, unbranched, alpha glucose, coiled, compact, good for storage. Amulopectin = long, branched, alpha glucose, side branches, easy for enzymes to break down
2 of 24
Structure of Glycogen
polysaccharide of alpha glucose, similar to amylopectin
3 of 24
Structure of Cellulose
long, unbranched, beta glucose, straight chains, linked layers of H bonds
4 of 24
Structure of lipid
glycerol + 3x fatty acids (joined by ester bond)
5 of 24
Tryglyceride
ester bond between each fatty acid + glycerol. formed by condensation reaction where water is relaesed. Synthesis of triglycerie = esterfication
6 of 24
saturates vs unsaturated
saturated = no double bond in C atoms , unsaturated = at lease 1 double C bond
7 of 24
Structure of amino acid
H2N -C-COOH ]R ]H
8 of 24
Polypeptides
peptide bonds jon amino acids, make dipeptides and polypeptides
9 of 24
Role of ionic, hydrogen and disulphide bonds
ionic= attraction between - and + R groups, hydrogen= waek bonds between + H and - H in R group Disulphide= surfur atoms join in amino acids
10 of 24
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternery structure
primary= sequence of amino acids, secondary= H bonds between primary, make pleated sheet or helix, tertiary= coiled, more bonds formed quaternery= several polypeptide chains
11 of 24
Collagen vs Haemoglobin
fibrous, strong molecule vs globular
12 of 24
Structure of DNA
phosphate + pentose sugar + base, ester bond between phospahte and suger, H bond connecting molecules
13 of 24
Semi-conservative replication
halicase breaks, single strand template for new, random bases in cell form new one, polymerase makes
14 of 24
Gene
a sequence of DNA nucleotides that code for a protein (3 bases = 1 amino acid)
15 of 24
RNA
AUGC, made in nucleus during protein synthesis, three adjustables babes = codon, carries genetic info
16 of 24
structure of RNA
amino acid buliding site one end, sequance bases other end, carries amino acids used to make proteins
17 of 24
Structure of enzymes
made of globular proetin, active site, induced fit= active site chnages shape a bit to fit substrate
18 of 24
Enzyme as a catalyst
reduce activation energy
19 of 24
Factors effecting rate of reaction in enzymes
temp= increase pH= 7 usually best optimum ph etc Concentration = more enzymes molecules=quicker
20 of 24
Compeptive, non-compeptetive and end product inhibition in enzymes
competetive= similar shape to substrate to compete to get to enzyme, non-competetive= bind to enzym but not on actuve site
21 of 24
Role of ions
nitrate= absorbed by plants in soil, calcium= holds cell walls magnesisum= makes chlorophyll phosphate= in photosynthesis and respiraton
22 of 24
Importance of water as a dipole nature
slightly positive= charge of H attracts slightly, negative charge= of O makes water polar
23 of 24
Properties of water
polar=attraction between molecules, cohesive, great for transporting substaces surface tension= cohesion, insects can glide
24 of 24
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Structure of starch
Back
amylose = long, unbranched, alpha glucose, coiled, compact, good for storage. Amulopectin = long, branched, alpha glucose, side branches, easy for enzymes to break down
Comments
No comments have yet been made