B2: Understanding our environment 4.5 / 5 based on 8 ratings ? BiologyB2GCSEOCR Created by: TheexCreated on: 19-04-14 12:35 Natural classification systems? Organising based on evolutionary relationships and genetic similarities 1 of 35 Artificial classification systems? Based upon appereance 2 of 35 Classification system Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species 3 of 35 Species A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. 4 of 35 Issues with classifying species? Organisms which reproduce asexually, hybrids - infertile making them difficult to classify, evolution is a continuous procces 5 of 35 What is the binomial naming system? Two part Latin name, comprising of genus then species. 6 of 35 Whats the difference between a pyramid of biomass and number? Biomass - dry mass of living material in that trophic level, Number - number of organims at that trophic level 7 of 35 3 ways in which energy is lost from the food chain? Respiration, as heat, in waste products (bonus point: This can lead to the start of a new food chain) 8 of 35 Interspecific competition Organims compete against organisms of another species 9 of 35 intraspecific competition Organisms compete against organims of the same species 10 of 35 Parasitic relationship Lives of host, takes what they need to survive but no benefits to host. Sometimes these relationships can be harmful to the host 11 of 35 Mutualistic relationship Both organisms benefit (example 'cleaner species') 12 of 35 Specialists Organisms that are highly adapted to survive in specific conditions 13 of 35 Generalists Organims that are adapted to survive in a range of different habitats/conditions 14 of 35 Name 2 biochemical adaptations Extremophile bacteria who's enzymes have a higher optimum temperature. Organisms in cold climates have anti-freeze proteins 15 of 35 3 anatomical adaptations to cold climates Thick coat/layer of blubber, small SA:volume, counter current heat exchange 16 of 35 3 behavioural adaptations to cold climates Migration, huddling (penguins), hibernation 17 of 35 3 anatomical adaptations to hot climates Large SA:volume, large thin ears, store fat in one body part 18 of 35 3 behavioural adaptations to hot climates spend day in shade/underground, active at night, bathe in water 19 of 35 4 plant adaptations to dry climates Round shape - small SA:Volume, cuticles and spines (instead of leaves), water stores in stem, shallow but extensive root system 20 of 35 3 animal adaptations to dry climates specialised kidney, no sweat glands, lots of time underground 21 of 35 Natural selection 'Survival of the fittest' - best adapted organims survive to reproduce and pass on their advantageous adaptations 22 of 35 Speciation when organism evolve so much, a completely new species is formed 23 of 35 2 conditions that slow decomposition Waterlogged soil - less oxygen, acidic soil - slows reproduction 24 of 35 Name 2 methods of nitrogen fixation lightning and nitrogen fixing bacteria (found in soil and root nodules of some legume plants 25 of 35 What do decomposers do? break down proteins into ammonia 26 of 35 Nitrifying bacteria? ammonia -> nitrates 27 of 35 Denitrifying bacteria nitrates -> nitrogen gas 28 of 35 Name 2 indicator species and their use Lichen - air quality, damaged by pollution, Mayfly larvae - water quality, can't survive in polluted water 29 of 35 advantages of living methods to measure pollution cheap, quick and easy. no need for specialists 30 of 35 disadvantages of living methods to measure pollution other factors can affect survival, so it's not always reliable 31 of 35 advantages of non-living methods to measure pollution reliable, numeric data which is easy to compare. The pollutants can be identified 32 of 35 disadvantages of non-living methods to measure pollution Requires expensive equipment and scientists to carry out 33 of 35 4 important things for conservation programmes enough genetic variation, viability of population, available habitats,normal interaction 34 of 35 Sustainable development Providing for today's rapidly increasing population without damaging the environment. 35 of 35
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