AS psychology OCR

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  • Created by: Michelle
  • Created on: 04-06-13 13:39
What is this study about?
Eyewitness testimony and our memory of real-life events
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How does the information received 'after the event' affect memory?
Although memory of n event is stores a t the time of the event, it can still change. Witnesses are asked questions, with one being the critical question
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Why is this study useful for eyewitness testimonies?
Because the juries are very convinced by eyewitness accounts and will tend to return guilty verdicts when an eyewitness account has been presented by the prosecution. But there are many factors that can make it unreliable - e.g. leading questions,
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What is the am of the study?
To see the effect of leading questions on memory of an event. Specifically the researchers wanted to find out if changing the verb used in a question about speed would have any effect n the sped predicted
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How many participants were there in experiment 1?
45 - 5 groups of 9
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How long were the clips shown for?
5 - 30 seconds
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Where was the highest and lowest average finding?
H - Smashed L - contacted
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What did Loftus and Palmer conclude?
That the more severe-sounding verbs produced higher estimates
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What were the 2 reasons, that could of been the reasons for the responses given?
Demand characteristics and the question causes an actual distortion in the participant's memory of the accident having occured at high speed
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In experiment 2, how many participants were there?
150 - 3 groups 50 in each
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How long was the clip shown in this experiment?
1 minute long
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What was each group asked, in experiment 2?
Different critical questions
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What happened a week later?
Subjects were asked further questions and the critical question was, 'did you see any broken glass'
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What were the findings?
Smashed was the highest amount of yes
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What do these results support?
That leading questions can case actual distortion in someone' memory of an event
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What are the strengths of the method used in this study?
lab experiments, manipulated the words used and measured the effect of this on the recall: thus keeping as many variables as possible the same - therefore easier to draw conclusions
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What are the weaknesses of the method used in this study?
The high level of control usually means that you have created an artificial situation that makes it difficult to apply your results to everyday life - Lo ecological validity - demand characteristics
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How representative was the sample?
Only used students for both of the studies - difficult to generalise for the whole population
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What type of data was collected?
Quantitative data, that is, speed estimates and numbers of results.
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How useful was the research?
Given it can be argued a unrepresentative sample, you feel it may not be very useful. However, despite this, it is possible to identify a number of practical applications that arise from this study - leading questions effecting memory etc.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does the information received 'after the event' affect memory?

Back

Although memory of n event is stores a t the time of the event, it can still change. Witnesses are asked questions, with one being the critical question

Card 3

Front

Why is this study useful for eyewitness testimonies?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the am of the study?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How many participants were there in experiment 1?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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