AS Chemistry Topic 6.3 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryHalogenoalkanes + AlcoholsASEdexcel Created by: TobyHill5Created on: 18-04-18 20:23 How do you prepare halogenoalkanes from alkanes? react with chlorine/bromine + heat/UV 1 of 29 How do you prepare halogenoalkanes from alkenes? react with hydrogen halides at room temp (to produce halogenoalkanes). react with halogen elements to form dihalogenoalkanes 2 of 29 How do you prepare halogenoalkanes from alcohols? react with phosphorous/hydrogen halides 3 of 29 What mechanism is involved when halogenoalkanes react with water? Nucleophilic substitution 4 of 29 halogenoalkane + water ---> alcohol + hydrogen cation + halide anion 5 of 29 The rate of hydrolysis of different halogenoalkanes can be compared by...... carrying out reaction in presence of silver ions 6 of 29 The mechanism for the reaction between halogenoalkanes + hydroxide ions is.... Nucleophilic Substitution 7 of 29 The nucleophile for halogenoalkanes + water is ______ and for +OH- it is _______ water - hydroxide ion 8 of 29 The mechanism for halogenoalkane + cyanide ion is Nucleophilic substitution 9 of 29 Which is not a condition for halogenoalkane + cyanide ion? 60 atmospheres pressure 10 of 29 Which is not a condition for halogenoalkane + ammonia high pressure 11 of 29 halogenoalkane + ammonia -----> primary amine + ammonium 12 of 29 halogenoalkane + OH (warm aqueous KOH) = alcohol via substitution 13 of 29 halogenoalkane + OH (hot ethanolic KOH) = alkene via elimination 14 of 29 Substitution happens more readily in ________ halogenoalkanes primary 15 of 29 Elimination happens more readily in ________ halogenoalkanes secondary + tertiary 16 of 29 Alcohols are more reactive than alkanes because which bonds are polar? both 17 of 29 Chloroalkanes are prepared from alcohols by using phosphorous pentachloride 18 of 29 Iodoalkanes are made by reacting alcohols with phosphorous bromide alone Incorrect - use a mixture of red phosphorous + iodine 19 of 29 A primary alcohol is oxidised to an ___________ aldehyde..................and then to a carboxylic acid 20 of 29 A secondary alcohol is oxidised to a ___________ ketone 21 of 29 A tertiary alcohol is oxidised to a ___________ it does not oxidise 22 of 29 A primary alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde ONLY if you carry out ....... distillation 23 of 29 Why is a reflux condenser used to oxidise a primary alcohol to ensure once it oxidises into an aldehyde, it flows back down into the flask, where it oxidises again into a carboxylic acid 24 of 29 How to distinguish between different types of alcohol add acidified potassium dichromate. turns green with 1 or 2 alcohols. 3 alcohols remain orange. 25 of 29 how to distinguish between primary + secondary alcohols use mild oxidation agents such as Benedict's or Fehling's 26 of 29 What do aldehydes do in Benedict's reduce Cu2+ to Cu+, precipitating in alkaline solution to give an orange/brown solution 27 of 29 Why are alcohols liquids at room temp stronger intermolecular forces from hydrogen bonds 28 of 29 why are alcohols more reactive than alkanes the C-O and O-H bonds are polar 29 of 29
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