AQA Psychology- Unit 4

?
What is the definition of a phobia?
A persistent fear that is identified by the individual as irrational
1 of 20
What are the 3 main types of phobias?
Specific, social, agorophobia
2 of 20
What categories do symptoms fall under?
Emotional (panic), cognitive (irrational thoughts), Physical (sweating), behavioural (running away)
3 of 20
What are the issues relating to classification of phobias?
Test-retest reliablity, Inter-rater reliability, Co-morbidity, Stigamatisation, cultural differences
4 of 20
What are the evaluative studies of issues relating to classification of phobias?
Skyre, Eysenck, Szasz, TKS
5 of 20
What is Skyre et al find?
Studied 3 clinicians and 5 patients and found that the inter-rater reliability was +.72, showing high IR possibly due to extensive training
6 of 20
What did Ensenck find?
66% of patients with 1 disorder had another leading to inaccurate diagnosis, confirming the idea of co-morbidity
7 of 20
What did Szasz propose?
There is no such thing as mental illness, Instead it's a way for society to label and exclude those who don't fit in
8 of 20
What are the psychological therapies for phobias and explain each?
Systematic desensiatisation (hirarchy created and then work through scenerios either in vitro- imagination or in vivo- real) and CBT (REBT-ABC)
9 of 20
What are the biological therapies for phobias and explain each?
Drug therapies (Benzodiazapines, beta blockers, MAOIs), Psychosurgery (Capsulatomy: probe inserted and capsule tissue is burnt away, Cingulotomy: probe inserted and cingulum burn't away, Deep brain stimulation)
10 of 20
What a the psychological explanations for phobic disorders?
Behavioural approach (classical conditioning- association, operant condtioning- consequence, Social learing theory) Psychodynamic explanation (phobias are repressed conflicts of the unconscious)
11 of 20
What are the biological explanations for phobic disorders?
Evolutionary explanations (expectancy bias, ancient fears, prepotency) + Biological explanations (inherit certain genetics from parents who suffer)
12 of 20
What are the evaluative points for psycological explanations for phobic disorders?
Mineka et al, Ohman + Soares, Ost, Torgerson
13 of 20
What did Mineka et al find?
Monkeys developed a fear towards a snake if they saw another monkey show a fear response but didn't show the same response to a flower, supporting the evolutionary explanations
14 of 20
What did Ohman + Soares find?
Pictures of feared objects were masked, yet phobic patients showed greastest ANS arousal compared to neutral objexts, supporting prepotency
15 of 20
What did Ost find?
64% of blood phobics had at least 1 relative with the same disorder
16 of 20
What did Torgerson find?
Twin studies, MZ twins 5x more likely than DZ twins to both have an anxiety disorder
17 of 20
What are the evaluative points for psychological explanations of phobias?
Little Albert, Bregmans, Bandura + Rosenthal, Little Hans
18 of 20
What did Bregmans find?
Failed to condition infants to fear a wooden block when associated with a loud bell, supporting biological preparedness
19 of 20
What did Bandura and Rosenthal find?
Observer watched a model apparently experience pain each time a buzzer sounded and later showed emotional distress towards buzzer, supporting the social learning theory
20 of 20

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 3 main types of phobias?

Back

Specific, social, agorophobia

Card 3

Front

What categories do symptoms fall under?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the issues relating to classification of phobias?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the evaluative studies of issues relating to classification of phobias?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Phobic disorders resources »