What are the 3 independent systems that work together in the cardiovascular system?
The heart, The lungs and arteries, veins and capillaries
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What is vasoconstriction and vasodilation
when blood vessels narrow (cold), when blood vessels expand (hot)
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What is vascular shunting?
The redistribution of blood around the body during physical activity
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What are the 4 chambers the heart is made out of?
right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
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What are veins? What are the characteristics?
they are tubes or vessels that carry blood toward the heart. Rich in CO2 & waste, thinner elastic walls, contain valves to stop the back flow of blood
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What do valves do?
they are opened and closed by muscles that contract and relax, and blood pressure
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What is the main function of red blood cells?
The main job of red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the tissues and back to the lungs.
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What is the main function of white blood cells?
They are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
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What is the main function of platelets
Cells that bind together to form clots to prevent bleeding
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What is plasma?
The liquid part of your blood which carries hormones, urea, CO2, heat and waste products
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Define vital capacity
the greatest amount of air that can be made to pass in and out of the lungs, by forceful insertion and expiration
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Define tidal volume
the amount of inspires and expired with each normal breath at rest or during exercise. (Increased tidal volume = increased HR)
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Define breathing rate
the amount if breaths per minute
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What does 'EPOC' mean?
Excess post oxygen consumption (oxygen debt)What
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What does 'DOMS' mean?
Delayed onset muscle soreness
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What is the equation and training zone for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen = CO2 + water + energy (40-60%), low to moderate level of intensity
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What is the equation and training zone of anaerobic exercise?
glucose = lactic acid + energy (65%+), performed at high levels of intensity at a short duration of time
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What is lactic acid
The body makes lactic acid when it is low in the oxygen it needs to convert glucose into energy. Lactic acid buildup can result in muscle pain, cramps, and muscular fatigue.
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What are the short term effects on the cardiovascular system?
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