When an individual receives antibodies from another source (naturally/artificially)
1 of 25
What happens in natural passive immunity?
When antibodies pass naturally from mother to baby across the placenta and in the mothers breast milk
2 of 25
What happens in artificial passive immunity?
When antibodies are given by injection.
3 of 25
How may antibodies be obtained in artificial passive immunity?
-From a person recovering from infection
-From an animal(horse) injected with toxin
-Monoclonal antibodies produced by genetically modified mouse cells
4 of 25
Why is passive immunity only temporary?
Since the antibodies are used up in antigen-antibody reactions & the recipient has no plasma cells to make more since they remain in the donor
5 of 25
Why would passive immunity be used?
-During an outbreak of a new disease
-Bitten by a snake/spider
6 of 25
What is serum?
Blood plasma without clotting factors but containing antibodies (anti-serum)
7 of 25
What is active immunity?
When the body produces its own antibodies in direct response to infection by a pathogen
8 of 25
What immunity does this stimulate?
Antibody mediated response
9 of 25
Active immunity provides...?
Long lasting immunity
10 of 25
What is natural active immunity?
When the body actually becomes infected with a pathogen, recognises its antigens as foreign and produces the appropriate response and memory cells
11 of 25
What is artificial active immunity?
Achieved through immunisation
12 of 25
How is artificial active immunity achieved?
Injecting the body with; killed/weakened pathogens, modified toxin or extracted antigens
13 of 25
What are these injections called?
Vaccines
14 of 25
How does a vaccine work?
By producing a primary immune response
15 of 25
What does a primary immune response cause?
Memory cells to be produced
16 of 25
What occurs after a primary response occurs?
A secondary response is triggered if the body comes into contact with the same antigen
17 of 25
Why does an individual not get sick after a second encounter with the pathogen?
Due to the speed and strength of the secondary response
18 of 25
What is a booster'?
When a second vaccine is given; to ensure the correct levels of antibodies/memory cells are reached
19 of 25
What are the benefits of a vaccination programme?
Fewer sicker people and fewer people dying
20 of 25
What are two society benefits?
-Fewer people ill
-Fewer carers needed to care for the sick
21 of 25
What are 2 economic benefits?
-Lower treatment costs
-Less absenteeism in work(less sick days|)
22 of 25
What is herd immunity?
Involves a high proportion of the population being vaccinated.
23 of 25
What does herd immunity ensure?
That those not vaccinated are less likely to come into contact with an infected individual
24 of 25
Who would not be vaccinated?
-New born babies
-Those that choose not to be vaccinated
25 of 25
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What happens in natural passive immunity?
Back
When antibodies pass naturally from mother to baby across the placenta and in the mothers breast milk
Card 3
Front
What happens in artificial passive immunity?
Back
Card 4
Front
How may antibodies be obtained in artificial passive immunity?
Comments
No comments have yet been made