9.Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy

?
  • Created by: kpaul1234
  • Created on: 18-05-21 18:03
Describe the process of Glycolysis
The enzymatic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid.
1 of 15
Describe the structure and function of pyruvate
A three-carbon acid; the end product of glycolysis and the raw material for the citric acid cycle.
2 of 15
Define Anaerobic
Occurring without the use of molecular oxygen, O2.
3 of 15
Describe the process of cellular respiration
The catabolic pathways by which electrons are removed from various molecules and passed through intermediate electron carriers to O2, generating H2O and releasing energy.
4 of 15
Define aerobic
In the presence of oxygen; requiring oxygen.
5 of 15
Describe the process of fermentation
The anaerobic degradation of a substance such as glucose to smaller molecules such as lactic acid or alcohol with the extraction of energy.
6 of 15
Define a Reduction reaction
Gain of electrons by a chemical reactant; any reduction is accompanied by an oxidation.
7 of 15
Define an Oxidation reaction
Relative loss of electrons in a chemical reaction; either outright removal to form an ion, or the sharing of electrons with substances having a greater affinity for them, such as oxygen. Most oxidations, including biological ones, are associated with the
8 of 15
Define a Redox reaction
A chemical reaction in which one reactant becomes oxidized and the other becomes reduced.
9 of 15
Describe the structure and function of Acetyl Coenzyme A
A compound that reacts with oxaloacetate to produce citrate at the beginning of the citric acid cycle; a key metabolic intermediate in the formation of many compounds.
10 of 15
Define a respiratory chain
The terminal reactions of cellular respiration, in which electrons are passed from NAD or FAD, through a series of intermediate carriers, to molecular oxygen, with the concomitant production of ATP.
11 of 15
Describe the structure and function of ATP synthase
An integral membrane protein that couples the transport of protons with the formation of ATP.
12 of 15
Describe the process of Chemiosmosis
Formation of ATP in mitochondria and chloroplasts, resulting from a pumping of protons across a membrane (against a gradient of electrical charge and of pH), followed by the return of the protons through a protein channel with ATP synthase activity.
13 of 15
Define Proton-motive force
Force generated across a membrane having two components: a chemical potential (difference in proton concentration) plus an electrical potential due to the electrostatic charge on the proton.
14 of 15
Define gluconeogenesis
The biochemical synthesis of glucose from other substances, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol.
15 of 15

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the structure and function of pyruvate

Back

A three-carbon acid; the end product of glycolysis and the raw material for the citric acid cycle.

Card 3

Front

Define Anaerobic

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the process of cellular respiration

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Define aerobic

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Pathways That Harvest Chemical Energy resources »