1-Global warming

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  • Created by: noname
  • Created on: 27-07-14 11:25
In two or three sentences, explain why atmospheric convection helps to reduce the level of atmospheric pollution at the ground (pollution from vehicle exhausts, industrial processes, etc.).
Convection involves the upward motion of air in the atmosphere. Pollutants released at ground level are thus carried upwards and diluted, so they do not concentrate near the ground.
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If at a particular time there is no convection over a region of the Earth’s surface, and no wind, explain in a few sentences why the surface in that region can lose little energy by way of latent heat.
No convection and wind, air next to ground not removed. When the air near the ground becomes saturated through evaporation, it is not carried away. Further evaporation is inhibited. Only latent heat extracted from ground is for initial evaporation.
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The atmosphere of Venus is about 97% CO2. The Venusian atmosphere contains far more molecules per cubic metre than the Earth’s atmosphere. Would you expect there to be a greenhouse effect on Venus? If so, how would it compare with that on Earth?
The atmosphere of Venus is mainly CO2, which is a greenhouse gas. The atmosphere contains far more molecules per cubic metre than the Earth’s atmosphere, so you would expect there to be a greenhouse effect on Venus that is much larger than on Earth.
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If 1 ppm of the total carbon in the rock reservoir were moved to the atmosphere, with no compensating transfer of carbon out of the atmosphere, what would be the percentage increase in the mass of carbon in the atmosphere?
Rock reservoir contains 50 000 000 × 10p12 kgC; 1 ppm is one-millionth, so divide by 1 × 10p6 , thus 50 × 10p12kgC. Atmospheric reservoir is 800 × 10p12 kgC, the percentage increase 50 × 10p12 kgC, represents 50 / 800 x 100% = 6.3% (2 sig figs)
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photosynthesis removes 120×10p12kgC from the atmosphere yearly. Total carbon in the atmosphere 800×10p12kgC. Calculate amount of years, through photosynthesis, for all CO2 in the atmosphere to be removed and stored as organic carbon.
The time taken to remove all of the CO 2 through photosynthesis is the total amount in the atmosphere divided by the amount removed each year by photosynthesis: 800x10p12kgC/120x10p12kgCyp-1 =6.7y (2 sig figs)
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One energy gain is by solar radiation absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere, and one loss is by convection from the Earth’s surface. What are the other surface or atmospheric energy gains that determine the GMST?
1.Earth’s surface: absorption of solar radiation; absorption of infrared radiation from the Earth’s atmosphere. 2.Atmosphere: absorption of infrared radiation from the Earth’s surface; heat convected from the Earth’s surface; condensation-latent heat
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One energy gain is by solar radiation absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere, and one loss is by convection from the Earth’s surface. What are the other surface or atmospheric energy losses that determine the GMST?
1.Earth’s surface : evaporation of water (latent heat); emission of infrared radiation. 2.Atmosphere : emission of infrared radiation.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

If at a particular time there is no convection over a region of the Earth’s surface, and no wind, explain in a few sentences why the surface in that region can lose little energy by way of latent heat.

Back

No convection and wind, air next to ground not removed. When the air near the ground becomes saturated through evaporation, it is not carried away. Further evaporation is inhibited. Only latent heat extracted from ground is for initial evaporation.

Card 3

Front

The atmosphere of Venus is about 97% CO2. The Venusian atmosphere contains far more molecules per cubic metre than the Earth’s atmosphere. Would you expect there to be a greenhouse effect on Venus? If so, how would it compare with that on Earth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

If 1 ppm of the total carbon in the rock reservoir were moved to the atmosphere, with no compensating transfer of carbon out of the atmosphere, what would be the percentage increase in the mass of carbon in the atmosphere?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

photosynthesis removes 120×10p12kgC from the atmosphere yearly. Total carbon in the atmosphere 800×10p12kgC. Calculate amount of years, through photosynthesis, for all CO2 in the atmosphere to be removed and stored as organic carbon.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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