Explain the hydrolysis of haloalkanes by aqueous alkali.
Hydrolysis is a reaction involving water or an aqueous alkali that causes a bond to break; the halogen atom is replaced by an -OH group; forms an alcohol and a halide ion; using aqueous NaOH needs reflux; see green 4.2.2 flashcard 1.
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What does the rate of hydrolysis depend on?
The strength of the carbon-halogen bond in the haloalkane; C-F is strongest; C-I is weakest; see 4.2.2 green flashcard 2.
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Why is a C-F bond stronger than a C-I bond?
Less energy is needed to break the C-I bond than other carbon-halogen bonds; so iodoalkanes react faster; fluoroalkanes are unreactive as a large quantity of energy is needed to break the C-F bond.
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Can you explain how CFCs break down the Earth's ozone layer, by producing halogen radicals?
See ch. 15.2 pg. 230; it's all about initiation, propagation and termination.
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What other things can catalyse the break down of ozone?
Other radicals, for example nitrogen oxide formed from lightning strikes and aircraft travel.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does the rate of hydrolysis depend on?
Back
The strength of the carbon-halogen bond in the haloalkane; C-F is strongest; C-I is weakest; see 4.2.2 green flashcard 2.
Card 3
Front
Why is a C-F bond stronger than a C-I bond?
Back
Card 4
Front
Can you explain how CFCs break down the Earth's ozone layer, by producing halogen radicals?
Back
Card 5
Front
What other things can catalyse the break down of ozone?
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