Samuel and Bryant

AIMS: 

• to re-examine the findings of Piaget
• how questionning affected answer/thought processes
• if conservation improved with age
• more/less able to conserve number/mass/volume

METHOD:

• Experiment
• IV = Age/Material/Questionning Type
• DV = No. of Errors

PARTICIPANTS: 

• 252 children from schools in Devon
• 4 age groups (5, 6, 7, 8)
• 63 per age groups -> 21 per sub-group

DESIGN:

• Age - Quasi
• Questioning - Indept Groups (Standard, One Judgement & Fixed Array)
• Material - Repeated Measures (Number, Mass, Volume)
• MIXED DESIGN

PROCEDURE:

• 12 Possible Errors
• Standard: Pre-Trans, Trans, Post Trans
• 1-J: Trans, Post Trans
• Fixed Array: Post Trans
• Used counter-balancing

RESULTS:

• Age: 5yrs Standard = 8.5, 8yrs Standard = 1.7
• Questioning: 8 years Standard = 1.7, 1-J = 1.3 FA = 3.3
• Material: FA Mass = 1.7…