Geography exam Notes

Question 1)

Case Study Kashmir

Date: 8th October,2005

7.6 on the Richter scale

Cause: Movement along a crack in the plate at a destructive margin

Cost of damage: Around 5 billion

PRIMARY IMPACTS

Around 80,000 deaths mostly from collapsed buildings

Hundreds of thousands of people injured

Entire Villages and thousands of buildings were destroyed

Water pipelines and electricity lines were broken-cutting off supply

SECONDARY IMPACTS

Landslides buried buildings and people. They also blocked access roads and cut off water supplies, electricty supplies, telephone lines

Around 3 million were made homeless

Diarrhoea and other diseases spread due to little clean water

Freezing winter conditions shortly after the earthquake caused more casualties and meant rescue and rebuilding operations were difficult

REASONS FOR SEVERITY OF IMPACTS

Buildings werent designed to withstand earthquakes, This increased the number of people killed and the cost of the damage because loads of buildings collapsed

There were few roads and they were badly constructed, so help didnt arrive in many areas for days or weeks. People had to be resuced by hand without any equipment or help from emergency services, this increased the number of people killed because injured people werent rescued quickly enough. International aid and rescue teams eventually arrived though, so other injured people were helped, which reduced the number of people killed.

Tents, blankets and medical supplies were distributed within a month, but not to all areas affected

This reduced homelessness and injured people were treated, but only in the areas that got the help

Question 3)

Case Study international Migration Poles to the uk

More than Half a million people from Poland came to the uk between 2004 and 2007 the big move was caused by push and pull facotrs

Push Factors from Poland

1) High unemployment- around 19 per cent

2) Low average wages-abgout one third of the average EU wage

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