Topic 6: Issues
- Created by: Myst123
- Created on: 27-02-18 09:12
Security issues
Bluejacking
- sending unwanted message to open Bluetooth connections
- Bluetooth switched off
Phishing
- "cons"
- pretends to be valid organisation
- Identify phishing
Viruses
- Bluetooth switched off
Cookies
- stores password + other important information
- easier to gain access to accounts
- Delete + manage cookies
Security issues
Physical threats
- Computers in locked rooms
- Back up data
Hackers
- Firewalls, passwords, encrypt
Unsecured wireless networks
- Secure passwords, encrypt data
Privacy issues E.g. Hackers, cookie
Social networking sites
- Privacy settings, Awareness of how much + type of personal information that is shared.
Tag link names
- Invasion of privacy
- Educate risks
- Express preferences
Spyware
- Up-to-date antispyware software
Identify theft
- Keep personal information safe
Search engines
- Sign out public computers
Monitoring movements and communications
Passports scanned - movements in & out countries monitored
Social networking sites - e.g. Geotagging
Geolocation information - GPS-enabled devices track position
Credit/debit cards - when / where / how much money spent
Online games - who is being played with
Email services - who the email is being sent to
Mobile phone companies - base station to base station
- phone / SMS contact with
IP address - provides clues
- search engines, social networking sites
- geographical location
Health & safety issues
Friendships built online
Obesity due to inactivity - should be balanced with other activities
Exercises at home e.g. Wii - improve physical fitness
Overuse of social networking - track time online, balance
Health & fitness monitoring
Radio waves may affect health - Use hands-free devices for longer calls
ICT skills - better paid + more skilled jobs
Accidents caused by use of mobile phones - use hands-free devices when driving
Impact of networks
Work
- Teleworking (working from home)
- Work with people all over the world
- Location of offices less important
- Able to share resources
- Research for projects online
Creativity
- Crowd sourcing - collecting news + contributing content to websites
- Content generators- e.g. Youtube, Wikipedia, Udraw
Impact of networks
Communication
- Socialising 24/7
- Overuse of social networking sites
- Rapid spread of news
Shopping
- Rapid access + availability
- No need to leave the house
Legislation
Computer Misuse Act
- misuse of computer equipment + illegal access to files
Illegal+ punishable by fines or imprisonment:
- software piracy
- copying + distributing software illegally
- planting viruses
- hacking fraud
Copyright, Designs & Patents Act
- criminal offence: copy/steal media/other people's work or ideas
- e.g. copy/distribute media without proper licence/ copyright owner's permission
Net neutrality
- principle that ISPs & governments should treat all internet content/traffic equally.
Legislation
Data Protection Act (DPA)
- protects misuse of personal data held by range of organisations
Organisations must ensure personal data is:
- fairly+lawfully
- specified purposes
- relevant +not excessive
- accurate + up-to-date
- not kept longer
- respect people's rights
- secure
- not transported outside Europe
Digital Economy Act
- illegally downloading media
- ISPs collect data about repeating offenders = Internet access slowed/suspended
Legislation
EU cookie law (e-Privacy Directive):
- Gives individuals rights to refuse the use of cookies that reduce their online privacy.
- Each country updates its own laws to comply.
- UK - an update to the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations
- e-Privacy Directive - requires prior informed consent for storage or access to information
- must ask users to agree to most cookies and similar technologies (e.g. web beacons, Flash cookies, etc.) before the site uses them
Digital divide
Those who do not have access to networks are not able to access some information, goods & services.
=
A widening of the gap between the groups of people with and without access to networks, both within and between countries.
Causes of unequal access
Within the UK:
- Affordability:
- low income
- Disability/illness:
- difficult to get access to ICT
- Lack of knowledge & skills:
- prevents using ICT
- Remote areas:
- no access to Internet/mobile phone coverage
- Cultural factors:
- e.g. gender inequalities & religious beliefs - restrict access
Causes of unequal access
Worldwide:
- Affordability:
- More wealthy countries = better access to digital technology
- Limited access to electricity:
- without reliable electrical supply = less access
- Censorship:
- governments restrict + censor access to digital technology
Implications of digital divide
Economic:
- Good IT skills = better-paid jobs
- Internet = access to wider range of goods & services
- Research products + get cheaper deals
- Rise in e-commerce & globalisation
- Without good access to ICT = countries developing more slowly
Cultural
- Religious groups restrict members' access to digital technology
- Stereotyped by gender: boys/men more access to/education in technology
Implications of digital divide
Educational
- Using computers = students do better at school
- Access to online courses = improve skills + knowledge
- Make most of school's personalised learning through VLEs
Social
- Keep in touch more regularly
- Feeling of "left out"
- Playing on games console > playing outside
Safe and responsible practice
- Computer equipment emits heat
- room well ventilated
- Overheat = fire hazard
- smoke detectors + fire extinguishers
- don't overload electrical sockets
- Split drink = Electric shock
- keep food and drink away
- Eye strain
- room well lit
- regular screen breaks
- Incorrect use + positioning of equipment = Health problems
- ergonomically-designed equipment
- take breaks
- change position regularly
- Harmful bacteria
- Computer + work surface clean
Sustainability issues
E-waste
- electronic waste = landfill sites
- send to less developed countries
Pollution
- Toxic substances > soil & water supplies
- Traditional generation of electricity produces greenhouse gases = global warming
Finite resources
- elements - short supply
- Electricity from non-renewable resources
Increase sustainability
Recycle
- Recycle/reuse
- Donate
- Re-use unwanted digital devices
- Sell parts
Reduce impact
- Use long as possible before replacing
- Switch off - not is use/batteries charged
Renewable energy
- Cheap sustainable electricity
- Solar-powered devices
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