the motives of the crusades

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• Richest and oldest of all the crusaders.
• One of the first to join the Crusade.
• Close friend and supporter of Urban II.

Reason to go on the Crusade- Religiously motivated

• Deeply religious, wanted to die in the holy land and sold all his land to take a big group of people onto the Crusade- includinhg his wife and son.
• Showed adherance towards the papal reforms, and renounced investiture.

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• Brother of King Phillip I of Spain who was in a dispute with Urban II after commiting adultery.

Reason to go on the Crusade- dutiful and personal gain.

• Went on the Crusade to show the Pope his brothers loyalty. 

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• Close friend of Urban.
• Devout christian and excelled soldier
• Made Urban's representative on crusade and jointly decided on military strategies.

Reason for going- religious and dutiful, on behalf of the Pope.

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• Owned lands in german empire and fought many years against papacy for german emperor.
• Devout Christian who changed sides to serve the Pope and please God by fighting to free Jerusalem from muslim occupation.
• Highly effective warrior!
• Took group of monks on crusade as religious advisors and supporters.

Reasons for going- Religiously motivated!

• Spiritual reward - sold a lot of lands to the church in order to participate, no intention of financial benefit.

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• Son of Robert the Cunning, Norman lord who ruled souther Italy.
• Very fine soldier who fought with his father in 1080s against Alexios.
• Did not inherit lands from father- primogeniture. Eager to gain lands elsewhere.

Reasons for going- financial gain.

• Left immediately with nephew, Tancred of Lecce.
• Would have expected to gain financially from expedition- had great experience of Byzantine expire due to raiding lands there.

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• Son of William the conqueror and brother of William II of England.
• William, his brother, keen to remove him from Europe- William raised tax in England to allow Robert to go on the Crusade.

Reasons for going- spiritual reward.

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• son in law of William the conqueror.
• Not a very good soldier.
• Highly educated poet.
• Devoted to religious wife, Adela, may have joined the crusade for her.

Reasons for going- spiritual or please his wife?

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• Close connections with Constantinople via his father who formed close relation with Alexios.
• He sent 500 knights to fight for him.

Reasons for going- financial gain and dutiful to father

• Father died in 1903, felt duty to help eastern christian and Alexios.
• He knew how richly Alexios rewarded those who helped him.