Revision

Olympia- Temple of Hera
 

• Built in 550BC
• Doric temple
• Basic capital/abacus
• Echinus rounded
• 6-16 colums
• 2 steps
• 2 columns on the pro naos and opisthodomos
• Dedicated to Hera 
• Once shared 2 statues one of Hera and one of Zeus
• Inside is made from limestone
• Upper part is made of unbaked bricks
• The Anta had wooden clading
• It once had a terracotta disk
• It has stucco on the limestone to make it look like marble 
• The columns were once wooden and were slowly replaced 

Olympia- Temple of Hera

• Built in 590BC
• Doric temple
• Basic capital/abacus
• Echinus rounded
• 6-16 colums
• 2 steps
• 2 columns on the pro naos and opisthodomos
• Dedicated to Hera 
• Once shared 2 statues one of Hera and one of Zeus
• Inside is made from limestone
• Upper part is made of unbaked bricks
• The Anta had wooden clading
• It once had a terracotta disk
• It has stucco on the limestone to make it look like marble 
• The columns were once wooden and were slowly replaced 

Temple of Athena/Ceres at Paestum

• 500 BC
• No rear porch
• Had a sacrificial alter called a temenos
• It has 2 stairs leading to the roof
• Steps leading to the cella 
• 3 Steps to the pro naos
• 6-13 column ratio
• Cella not divided
• Metopes painted
• It had triglyphs
• Doric columns
• It had entasis 
• Terracotta inscription saying Minerva 
• Highest point in the city 

Temple of Hera 2/ Temple of Poseidon at Paestum

• Built in 450 BC
• 6-14 column 
• 3 step stylobyte 
• It used stucco 
• Archaic traits less pronounced 
• Columns have a slight entasis 
• Frieze is complete, undamaged tryglyphs and metopes 
• Pediments without sculpture, pediment remains
• No decoration
• Columns double stacked in cella 
• 24 flutes not 20 
• Columns made from limestone 
• It had antefixes 
• Roof was terracotta
• East-West facing 

Temple of Zeus at Olympia 

• Built in 470BC 
• 13-6 column ratio 
• No internal walls, 16 double stacked columns 
• Chryselephantine cult statue in the cella 
• Two stacked columns in the pro noas 
• It has a Ramp 
• Doric temple 
• Water spouts like lion heads 
• 6 metopes front and back 
• Victor of olympic games crowned in the pro noas 
• Columns made out of limestone then covered in stucco

Temple of Zeus at Olympia, east pediment 

• The chariot race of Pelops and Oinomaos
• Triangular shape 
• Zeus is a staggering statue in the middle with a commanding presence 
• In the corners are the river gods 
• Both women wear a simple peplos
• Servants are kneeling 
• Oinomaos is explainging the conditions of the race 
• Oinomaos's hand is confidently on his hip
• Less engaging image but it's the meant to represent the tense moment before the race 

Zeus at Olympia, West pediment 

• The Lapith wedding, the battle between Laptiths and Centaurs
• Apollo watches in the centre, commanding presence 
• All figures are interlocking 
• Pirithous king of Lapiths 
• Lapiths are unarmed but Pirithous has a sword 
• Bride is being attacked by centaur but she is calm and queen like, corners are lapith women 
• Overall theme of this is the Greeks are Lapiths who fight clamly and do not sweat over fighting, the perfect form.
• The Centaurs are barbarians who the Greeks are meant to be superior to 
• Greeks vs Persians related 

Zeus at Olympia, Metopes 

• 12 Labours of Herakles
• 1) Slay the Nemean lion
• 2) Slay the nine-headed Lernaean hydra
• 3) Capture the golden hind of Artemis
• 4) Capture the Erymanthian boar
• 5) Clean the Augean stables in a single day
• 6) Slay the Stymphalian birds
• 7) Capture the Cretan bull
• 8) Steal the mares of Diomedes
• 9) Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, queen of the Amazons
• 10) Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon
• 11) Steal the apples of the Hesperides, (Atlas)
• 12) Capture and bring back Cerberus

The Parthenon on the Acropolis

• Ionic
• Built in 438BC 
• 8-17 Doric columns 
• 4 Ionic columns in a room just inside from the Opisthodomos
• 23 inner columns in the cella which are double stacked  
• It has an upstairs
• 6 Doric columns in the pro naos 
• Antefixes ran along the whole roof 
• Columns are marble
• 3 step 

The Parthenon on the Acropolis, pediments 

• The east pediment is the birth of Athena 
• The horse in the left is Selene and the one on the right is Nyx which are the horses of Helios 
• Athena is born in armour from Zeus's head
• The west pediment is the battle for patronage of Athens between Athena and Poseidon
• Athena is with Nike and Hermes while Poseidon is with Amphitrite and Iris
• The corners are heroes of Athens's past  

The Parthenon on the Acropolis, Metopes 

• Lapiths and Centaurs fighting at the wedding 
• Representing the Greeks vs Persians 
• Lapiths are Idyllic form while Centaurs are struggling
• These are ones that are left 
• Overall 92 Metopes 
• East is Gods and giants 
• West is Invasion of Athens by Amazons
• North is Trojen war 
• South is Lapiths 
• Weapons added from metal 
• Figures are awkward 

The Parthenon on the Acropolis, frieze

• The precession of Athena's birthday 
• 1m high 
• 150m long 
• Low relief 
• Begins in the south then works it way round 

The Parthenon on the Acropolis, frieze

• The precession of Athena's birthday 
• 1m high 
• 150m long 
• Low relief 
• Begins in the south then works it way round 
• Horses for example the men on them are god like with flowing drapery to suggest movement also they show no effort in the act making them idyllic

Propylaia on the Acropolis 

• 6 Doric columns in the front and back
• 6 Ionic columns in the middle 
• Built in 432BC
• It has a pediment but no sculpture 
• Triglyphs and metopes are present 
• 4 steps 
• Southwing smaller 
• Acts as a gateway 
• The North room is an art gallery 
• Built by Mnesikles 
• Entry is through the West
• It has Antefixes 

Temple of Athena Nike on the Acropolis

• 4 Ionic columns in the pro noas and the opisthodomos
• Small cella 
• No door to the opisthodomos though cella 
• Built in 425BC 
• No pediment sculpture
• Parapet outside 
• Continuous frieze
• North frieze is Greeks vs Persians
• West is Greeks and other Greeks
• East is Gods and Deities
• Parapet surrounded the temple acts as a guard rail each has an independent scene such as Athena laying down her weapons

Athena Nike on the Acropolis continued 

• Statue of Athena Nike in its cella was made of wood and had a pomegranate branch, and also a helmet 
• Statue has been deprived of its wings so it can never leave the city
• Tetrastyle which is 4 columns  

The temple of Epicurus at Bassae 

• 1 Corinthian Column
• 10 Ionic columns which are conected to the wall 
• 15-6 Doric columns 
• 400BC completed 
• N-S Facing 
• Frieze is on the inside which has Centauromachy and Amazonomachy 
• Grey limestone 
• Frieze is high relief 23 panels 
• 11 Greeks fighting centaurs and 12 greeks fighting amazon 
• Could be made by the same person who made the Parthenon 

Erechtheion on the Acropolis 

• 420BC
• Ionic temple
• Ground is uneven 
• Named after Erechtheus king of Athens 
• Eastern cella 
• Patron goddess of Athens is made out of wood and is standing armed with a shield with a gorgon head, she wears a peplos and is renewed every 4 years at the panathennaic and there was a golden lamp in front of her 
• Western cella 
• Dedicated to lots of gods and local heroes

Erechtheion on the Acropolis, continued

• The caryatids 6 columns of women in the South porch
• Plated hair, boldstone, straight leg, effotless holding roof up 
• 3 metres smaller 
• There is a frieze and it held the gods on it 
• 63m frieze 
• North porch had a hole where Zeus lightning bolt struck or Poseidons trident struck
• Olive branch grove on the western porch 
• Entrance in the East and West
• 6 Ionic columns in the North and East porch  
• Pentelic marble columns

Tholos at Epidauros

• 26 Doric columns 
• Triglyphs and Metopes, floral pattern 
• Built in 350BC 
• It had palmets 
• 14 Corinthian columns 
• It had a maze of snakes in a labyrinth beneath it 
• It had a painting of Eros 

Philippeion at Olympia

• Built in 300BC 
• Dedicted by Philip of Macedon
• Dedicated to Zeus 
• 5 Chryselephantine statues added by Alexander
• 18 Ionic columns and 9 Corinthian columns 
• Roof had carved marble 
• Bronze poppy head 
• Rhomboids in the floor