Physical changes in Birth and Infancy

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Growth - definition

An inncrease in some measured quantity such as height and weight.

Phsyical changes must happen and this will be recorded.

Weight, for example, is recorded on a weight percentile chart.

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Development - definition

Complex changes including an increase in:

  • Skills
  • Abilities
  • Capabilities
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Milestones - definition

An ability acheived by most children by a certain age.

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Milestones - they can involve...

  • Physical skills
  • Social skills
  • Emotional skills
  • Cognitive skills
  • Communication skils
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Milestones - examples

  • Roll over
  • Hold up neck
  • Walking
  • Talking
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Gross Motor Skills - definition

Large movements involving large muscle groups.

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Gross Motor Skills - examples

  • Rolling over - four to seven months
  • Sitting - six to nine months
  • Crawling - seven to sixteen months
  • Pushing themselves up standing - nine to twelve months
  • Walking - twelve to seventeen months
  • Playground ready - eighteen to twenty-four months
  • Jogging
  • Running
  • Kicking (a ball)
  • Hitting
  • Throwing
  • Jumping/ bouncing
  • Stretching
  • Getting changed with some items
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Fine Motor Skills - definition

Smaller, precise movements.

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Fine Motor Skills - examples

  • Head control - birth to four months
  • Pick up objects - by eight months
  • Holding a pencil (not with dexterity)
  • Facial expressions (including minute) - crying, laughing, etc
  • Drawing
  • Painting
  • Raising eyebrows
  • Holding spoon - eating
  • Hand movements
  • Blinking / winking
  • Toes curling
  • Getting changed with some items - doing the velcro on shoes, doing buttons up/ down, etc
  • Tapping
  • Typing
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Dexterity - definition

Precision.

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