HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE- UNIT 1 EXAM: HUMAN LIFESPAN DEVELOPMENT PHYSICAL

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what are the principles of growth?
growth is variable across different parts of the body and is an increase in some measured quantity such as height weight or other dimensions
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what are the principles of development?
complex changes that follow an orderly sequence including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities such as walking
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what are the 6 life stages?
birth and infancy, early childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, later adulthood
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what age range is birth and infancy?
0-2 years
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what are the key features of birth and infancy?
-infants grow rapidly reaching approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2 years old. -infants can walk and run
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what age range is early childhood?
3-8 years
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what are the key features of early childhood?
-children continue to grow at a steady pace. -they continue to develop strength and coordination
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what age range Is adolescence?
9-18 years
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what are the key features of adolescence?
-experience growth spurts. -develop sexual characteristics during puberty
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what age range is early adulthood?
19-45 years
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what are the key features of early adulthood?
-young adults reach the peak of their physical fitness
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what age range Is middle adulthood?
46-65 years
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what are the key features of middle adulthood?
-the ageing process begins with some loss of strength and stamina. -women experience menopause
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what age range is later adulthood?
65 years +
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what are the key features of later adulthood?
-the ageing process continues with gradual loss of mobility. -older adults will experience a loss of height up to a few centimetres
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what is the definition of milestone?
an ability achieved by most children buy a certain age. eg. walking, expressing emotions, and talking
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what is the definition of development norms?
a description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child's development. eg by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone
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what are the 4 main areas of skill acquisition?
physical (gross and fine. motor skills), intellectual development and language skills, emotional development, social development
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what are gross motor skills?
large movements that involve using the large muscles in the body. eg rolling over
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what are fine motor skills?
smaller movements, which requires precise direction and involve smaller muscles. eg picking up a pencil between the finger and thumb
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birth to infancy: what are the 4 key milestones you could be asked for in the exam?
sitting up, standing, cruising, walking
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birth to infancy: what is the definition of a palmar grasp?
appears at birth and persists until 5 or 6 months of age. When an object is placed in the infant's hand and strokes their palm, the fingers will close and they will grasp it with a palmer grasp. eg when grasping a toy (rattle), when eating food
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early childhood: what is the definition of a tripod grasp?
It develops in the 4th year of childhood. It uses the thumb, index finger and middle finger. It is the most functional grasp for gaining good pencil skills and fastening buttons.
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birth to infancy: what is the definition of a pincer grasp?
during infancy, a pincer grasp is a developmental milestone that typically occurs at 9 to 12 months of age. By using the index finger and thumb to pick up small objects. eg raisins, and cereal
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what are motor skills?
fine motor skills + gross motor skills
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early childhood: what motor skills does a 3 year old develop?
-uses pedals to ride a tricycle -can run -can balance on one foot for one second -can turn pages of a book
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early childhood: what motor skills does a 4 year old develop?
-kick -throw a large ball -tripod grasp -hand eye coordination develops: spoon and fork, introducing knife -manipulate small objects with fingers eg. button and unbutton clothing
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early childhood: what motor skills does a 5 year old develop?
-hop using each foot separately -walk in a straight line -write their own name -cut out simple shapes, draw, form letters
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early childhood: what motor skills does a 6 year old develop?
-can skip -can ride a bike
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early childhood: what motor skills does a 7 year old develop?
-can run forwards and backwards
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early childhood: what motor skills does an 8 year old develop?
-good strength and body coordination to take part in activities -use joined up handwriting -their ball skills improve and they take on a range of activities eg. swimming, football
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adolescence: what is the definition of adolescence?
An important status change following the onset of puberty during which young person develops from a child into an adult
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adolescence: what is the definition of puberty?
A period of rapid change and growth and is experienced by both females and males, which takes place over several years
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adolescence: what is the definition of hormones?
Chemical substances produced in the body and transported into the bloodstream that controller regulate body cells or body organs
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adolescence: what age do girls start puberty?
11-13 years old
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adolescence: what age do boys start puberty?
13-15. years old
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adolescence: what are the 2 types of sexual characteristics?
primary sexual characteristics and secondary characteristics
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adolescence: what are primary sexual characteristics?
changes and development of reproductive organs
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adolescence: what are secondary sexual characteristics?
outward/external signs of development
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adolescence: what primary sexual characteristics does a female develop during puberty?
-the uterus enlarges and the vagina lengthens -the ovaries begin to release eggs -the menstrual cycle commences
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adolescence: what primary sexual characteristics does a male experience during puberty?
-enlargement of the penis and testes -spontaneous errections caused by blood flowing into chambers in the penis may happen -the testicles begin to produce sperm , the beginning of ***********
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adolescence: what secondary sexual characteristics does a female develop during puberty?
-breasts develop and the areola (the area around the ******) swells and darkens. -hair grows in armpits and pubic area -redistribution of fat causing hips to widen
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adolescence: what secondary sexual characteristics does a male experience during puberty?
-changes in larynx (Adams apple) causing voice to deepen. -hair grows in armpits and pubic area, facial hair -redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
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adolescence: what gland releases sex hormones in males and females?
the pituitary gland
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adolescence: what are the female hormones and where are they produced?
oestrogen and progesterone: they are produced in the ovaries
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adolescence: what is the male hormone what does it do and where is it produced?
testosterone: made in the the testes it stimulates sperm production
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adolescence: what are the physical changes during puberty?
become stronger, grow hair, body changes,
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adolescence: what are the intellectual changes during puberty?
mature, understanding, morals, curiosity, learning how to deal with changes
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adolescence: what are the emotional changes during puberty?
mood swings, embarrassment, low self esteem, increased aggression levels in men due to increased testosterone levels
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adolescence: what are the social changes during puberty?
new relationships
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early adulthood: what happens in early adulthood?
they reach their peak of their physical fitness
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early adulthood: what happens during perimenopause?
-oestrogen levels decrease causing the ovaries to stop producing an egg each month -the reduction of oestrogen causes physical and emotional symptoms: hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings, loss of libido and vaginal dryness
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early adulthood: when do adults reach the peak of their physical fitness?
between the ages 19-28
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early adulthood: what happens after an adult reaches 28
-lose some strength and speed -decline in physical abilities
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early adulthood: what happens during pregnancy?
-physical and emotional changes: hormonal changes: increase in progesterone (maintains the pregnancy) increase in oestrogen (morning sickness) mood swings.
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early adulthood: how do hormones affect the breasts?
-breasts have an increased blood supply, darkened veins. ******* and aureoles darken and breasts become more sensitive and tender, m preparing the breasts to produce milk (lactation) to feed the baby.
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early adulthood: how does pregnancy affect a women physically?
-cravings -breasts enlarge -put weight on -bump grows -swollen hands and feet
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early adulthood: how does pregnancy affect a women intellectually?
-nesting (preparing for baby) -anxiety depression (mental health and wellbeing
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early adulthood: how does pregnancy affect a women emotionally?
-sadness - happiness - worry/fear -anger
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early adulthood: how does pregnancy affect a women socially?
-poorley more appointments negative affect -breast feeding classes, baby showers, visitors more social -
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

complex changes that follow an orderly sequence including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities such as walking

Back

what are the principles of development?

Card 3

Front

birth and infancy, early childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, later adulthood

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

0-2 years

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

-infants grow rapidly reaching approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2 years old. -infants can walk and run

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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