Nuclear

• Becomming nuclear, increase in nuclear strength.
• Vertical proliferation: one nuclear state develops more nukes.
• Horizontal proliferation: more & more states become nuclear.

• Hotline between two Presidents.
• Start of disarmament talks (SALT).
• Partial Tes Ban Treaty: no underwater (Bikini Attoll) or above ground testing > not comprehensive.
• 1970 Non-Proliferation Treaty: attempt by UN to persuade all countries, bar permanent 5, to never develop a nuclear bomb & allow IAEA inspectors in regularly.

• NPT states can share nuke energy technology.
• Saves money to have nukes.
• Most states either in NATO or in Warsaw Pact > reliance on US or USSR for protection.

Firstly initiated by Raegan 'star wars' was a way of defending the US from nuclear attacks. The bomb would be destroyed (in space) before it had the chance to do any damage.

Yes

• Nukes produced concept of 'linuted war' > US & USSR deterred from full-scale conventional (non-nuke) or nuke attack.
• Nukes had moral repugnance (Hiroshima).
• Nukes created a balance of terror.

No

• They increased proxy wars > there was still not peace.
• Anti-war feeling from bloodshed pof World Wars.
• Bi-polar structure of two evenly matched alliance systems.

• Stategic: to deter other states from aggression towards them e.g. Pakistan, who wants protection from India.
• Power/Prestige e.g. Iran and Iraq, under Saddam who wanted Iraq to be the leading Arab nation.

• USSR collapsed - Belarus & Ukraine gave up their ex-USSR owned nukes BUT fears that nuke security was flawed > technology & materials missing/sold.
• Brazil gave up nukes - no long a threat frrom Cold war.
• Reduction in US & Russian stockpiles.
• Horizontal proliferation DRNK (N.Korea), Iran. (Libya & Iraq, under Saddam, gave up nukes due to War on Terror.)

• Realist/Liberals: less useful for nuke's than on other topics > their divide is not strong enough to really help.
• BUT the secuirty dilemma (Realists) helps to explain Arms race.

• Iran has a nuclear enrichment programme which was previously kept hidden for 18yrs.
• Wants to control the process of inspecting nuclear by itself in its own country > does not let IAEA inspectors in.
• Until recently China had been breaking UN sanctions & supplying Iran.