Motivation and theories

Scientific management- Fredrick Taylor : stated that

: employees are hugely money motivated and emphasized benefits of peice rates

: Humans are like machines

: To imrove efficiency of an organization, decision making should be based on data collected and reasearched quantitavley

: Higher effiency means more profit

Human Relations management by Elton MAYO

Hawthorne effect: MAYO stated that better working conditions could improve productivity

He also stated that employees are also motivated by recognition, and sense of involvement apposed to Taylors theory when stated that employees are motivated by money

Herzberg followed a two factor theory

1)Motivators

-sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, promotion and meaningful work or tasks

2)hygiene factors

-working conditions, pay, company bureaucracy, status and job security

Abraham Maslow and the hierarchy of needs- Maslow said thier was a hierarchy of levels required to become motivated only one step at a time

bottom of hierarchy (start) 

physiological: need for shelter food and water meaning fair wages and appropriate breaks

Safety security needs: high standard of health and safety and appropriate policies on bullying discrimination etc 

Social: social interaction with employees and managers

Esteem needs: oppurtunity for leadership and promotion

Self actualisation: guiding employees towards meeting targets and objectives using appraisals to identify these and providing adequate training

Top of hierarchy (end)

Theory x and theory y

Theory x: money motivators, supervision required for worker, works have little initiative and they do not make decisions 

Theory y: job satisfaction is a motivator, and wrokers are able to work on thier own as they have initiative and can make decisions. Rewards and recognition motivate