Key Dates
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- Created on: 26-01-16 09:49
Unit 1: The seeds of conflict 1917-44
1917 - Bloshevik Revolution: Lenin comes to power in Russia
1918 - Woodrow Wilson issues the Fourteen Points, US aims
1919 - Comintern established by Bolshevik Russia
1939 - Second World War starts
1941 - Germany invades the USSR ; Grand Alliance (GB, USA, USSR) formed against Germany, Italy and Japan
1943 - 'Big Three' met at Teheran
Unit 2: Development of Cold War
1945
February - Yalta Conference
8 May - Victory in Europe Day (end of Second World War against Germany
17 July - 2 August - Potsdam Conference
6 August - Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
2 September - Victory in Japan Day (end of war against Japan)
1946
5 March - Churchill gives 'Iron Curtain' speech at Fulton, Missouri
10 September - Greek communists launch civil war against royalists
1947
March - Launch of the Truman Doctrine
June - Marshall Plan established
Unit 2: Development of Cold War
1948
February - Communist coup in Czechoslovakia
June - Berlin Blockade begins
1949
April - NATO established
May - Berlin blockade lifted
September - Communists take over China
1950
February - Sino-Soviet Alliance signed
25 June - Start of the Korean War
1953
5 March - Death of Stalin
27 July - Ceasefire agreed in Korea
Unit 4: Post-Stalin thaw
1953
5 March - Death of Stalin
17 June - Rising of workers in East Berlin
26 June - Beria removed from Soviet leadership
27 July - Ceasefire agreed in Korea
12 September - Krushchev becomes First Secretary of the Communist Party
1955
May - Warsaw Pact established ; USSR signs agreement recognising the independence of Austria
July - Geneva Summit (Krushchev and Eisenhower)
1956
February - Krushchev delivers his 'secret speech' criticising Stalin
November - Soviet troops invade Hungary
Unit 4: Post-Stalin thaw
1958
November - Start of Second Berlin Crisis; Krushchev asks the West to leave Berlin.
1960
May - U-2 spy plane shot down over USSR ; Paris Summit between Krushchev and Eisenhower abandoned.
1961
January - Kennedy becomes US President
12 April - Yuri Gagarin becomes first man in space
June - Vienna Summit (Kennedy and Krushchev)
August - Berlin Wall erected
Unit 5: Nuclear weapons
1945
16 July - First test firing of an atomic bomb by the USA at Alamogordo, New Mexico
6 August - USA drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima
9 August - USA drops atomic bomb at Nagasaki
1946 - Failure of the Baruch Plan to limit nuclear weapons
1949
29 August - USSR tests atomic bomb at Semipalatinsk
1952
1 November - USA tests hydrogen bomb
1953
8 August - USSR explodes its first lithium bomb
Unit 5: Nuclear weapons
1954
1 March - USA explodes a lithium bomb
1955 - USA develops first intercontinental barriers
1956 - USA develops TU20 Bear (intercontinental bomber)
1957 - USSR develops first ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile)
5 October - USSR launches Sputnik, first space satellite
November - Sputnik II is launched ; Gaither Report warns President Eisenhower of missile gap
1959 - Fidel Castro leads a revolution in Cuba
Unit 5: Nuclear weapons
1960
July - USA lauches Polaris, first submarine-launched ballistic missile
1961
April - USSR puts first man (Yuri Gagarin) into space ; Bay of Pigs invasion
1962
October - Cuban Missile Crisis
1963
June - 'Hot line' telephone link is established
Test Ban Treaty is signed
Unit 6: Sino-Soviet relations 1949-76
1920s-1949: Tension over Stalin's support for the Chinese Nationalists and the USSR's interest in the Chinese province of Manchuria
1950 - Treaty of Frienship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance signed. Some Chinese resentment at unequal terms of the Treaty
1954
October - Krushchev's first visit to Beiijing ; Krushchev refused to lessen Soviet ties in Mongolia or to allow China to extend its control into North Korea
1956 - Krushchev gives speech criticising Stalin at the Twentieth Party Congress of the Soviet Communist Party. The process of De-Stalinisation begins. Mao criticises Krushchev as a revisionist.
1958 - Krushchev criticises Mao's policy of the Great Leap Forward as being impractical ; Mao accuses the USSR of being too cautious and detached during the crisis over Quemoy.
Unit 6: Sino-Soviet relations 1949-76
1959
June - USSR cancels Sino-Soviet Agreement on atomic cooperation
September - Krushchev visits the USA. Mao condemns the Soviet's rapprochement with the USA.
1960 - The USSR pulls out all economic aid and advisers from China
1961 - China gives economic support to Albania after it splits with the USSR
China also encourages Romania to become independent of Soviet interference
1963 - A meeting between Party leaders of both China and the USSR fails to improve relations ; China claims that its borders with the USSR is as a result of 'unequal treaties'
1964 - Krushchev and Mao resort to bitter personal attacks
14 October - Krushchev is dismissed as Soviet leader
16 October - China explodes its first nuclear bomb in a test at Lop Nor
Unit 6: Sino-Soviet relations 1949-76
1964;16 October - Zhou Enlai, the Chinese Prime Minister, visits a series of countries in the developing world to present China as the leader of world revolution.
1965 - The USSR tries to alienate China in international affairs by strenghthening its ties with Mongolia, North Korea and North Vietnam
1968 - Mao's attack on the Soviet Union's leadership as revisionists increase during the Cultural Revolution, Mao attacks those in China
1969 - Heavy fighting at Damansky Island on the Ussuri River in March when Chinese troops attack Soviet border guards
1970 - Relations between China and the USSR improve slightly with the visit of Kosygin, the Soviet Prime Minister, to China
1971 - Henry Kissinger, the US Secretary of State, visits China and paves the way for a visit by US President Richard Nixon. Chinese relations with the USSR deteriorate.
Unit 7: Causes and achievements of Détente
1969
January - Nixon becomes President of the USA and appoints Henry Kissinger as his National Security Adviser
Willy Brandt becomes Chancellor of West Germany
1972
May - Salt I agreed, including ABM treaty
December - East and West Germany sign Basic Treaty accepting the existence of each other as seperate states
1973
January - USA signs Paris Peace Settlement and agrees to withdraw troops from Vietnam
July - NATO and Warsaw Pact countries begin talks that lead to the Helsinki Accords in 1975
September - Kissinger becomes US Secratary of State
1975
17 July - Apollo-Soyuz link up
Unit 7: Causes and achievements of Détente
1975: August - Helsinki Accords signed
1976
November - Jimmy Carter elected US President
1977
January - Carter appoints the neo-conservative Zbigniew Brzezinski as his National Secuirty Adviser.
1979
May - Margaret Thatcher becomes British Prime Minister
June - Vienna Summit between Carter and Brezhnev leads to signing of SALT II Treaty
December - Soviet forces invade Afganistan
1980
January - USA suspends ratification of SALT II in protest of Soviet invasion of Afganistan
November - Right winger Ronald Reagan is elected US President
Unit 8: End of the Cold War in the 1980s
1981
January - Ronald Reagan becomes US President ; Wave of strikes in Poland organised by the illegal trade union, Solidarity
1982
November - Brezhnev dies, Andropov becomes new Soviet leader
1983
March - Strateigic Defense Initiative announced by the USA
September - South Korean airliner KAL 007 shot down over Soviet airspace
October - US troops invade Grenada to depose left-wing government
Unit 8: End of the Cold War in the 1980s
1984
February - Andropov dies; Chernenko becomes new Soviet leader
1985
March - Chernenko dies; Mikhail Gorbachev becomes new Soviet leader
November - Geneva Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev
1986
October - Reykjavik Summit between Reagan and Gorbachev
1987
December - Washington Summit. The INF (Intermediate Nuclear Forces) agreement is signed
1988
May-June: Moscow Summit between Gorbachev and Reagan
Unit 8: End of the Cold War in the 1980s
1988: December - Gorbachev announces major reductions in Soviet forces in Europe
1989
September - First free elections held in Poland; Solidarity wins and forms government ; Hungary opens borders with Austria
November - Fall of the Berlin Wall, dismantled by the crowds ; Collapse of communist regimes in Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria
December - Malta Summit between Gorbachev and Bush ; Collapse of communist regime in Romania
1990
October - Reunification of Germany
1991
August-December: Baltic States and Ukraine vote for independence from the USSR
December - USSR formally dissolved
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