Unsuccesful Catholic attempt to depose of Queen Elizabeth I and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.
By Northern nobles in Northern England.
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Political Factors
Northern families fearful and distrustful of William Cecil - felt their powers and the feudal system were in decline.
The Duke of Norfolk's control of the Council of the North threatened the nobles with limiting the powers as the Council were given more powers to administer.
Duke of Norfolk planned to marry Mary Queen of Scots and put her on the throne - this meant he would have more powers through influencing her.
Under the reign of Elizabeth the Duke of Northumberland who had previously been restored under Mary Tudor's reign, found that his powers were limited.
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Religious Causes
The rebels obviously had religious reasons due to their action of restoring mass at Durham Cathedral.
Being from the North, the rebels will have had a Conservative Catholic attitude.
The Duke of Northumberland stated he was rebelling for religious reasons.
Mary Queen of Scots arrival to England acted as a catalyst as they saw an opportunity to re-catholicise the country.
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Economic Reasons
The Duke of Northumberland was denied his right to the profits from the copper mines that were discovered in his land.
The nobles rebelled because of the tenants had risen against the gentry.
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Other Causes
Following the Duke of Norfolk's arrest, the rebels felt they could either flee or act.
The Countess of Northumberland was a very powerful woman, so led the men.
The North isn't near the Tudor infrastructure so could rise quite easily.
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Conclusion
Variety of causes including political, religious, economic and other causes.
However fundamentally caused by politico-religious reasons.
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