R- tells us about the fact that "the Ancyent Marinere" is now back in "his own Country" therefore throughout the villainy, victimisation and even heroism we see, we know (or think we do) how his "Rime" is going to end
P- Scientific details eg "the tropical Latitude of the Great Pacific Ocean" add to the realism
- archaic spellings such as "Ancyent" are reminiscent of the traditional gothic horror novels, such as The Castle of Otranto, which were set in the middle ages
- exposition: warns us of the "strange things" that the story is going to tell us
M- although we do not realise it yet, we will soon see why these "strange things" have happened; the introduction uses the word "How" to show us that the events are all caused by the mariner's lack of respect for nature
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