Diagnostic statistical manual (DSM)

• The DSM is used to classify mental disorders so that they can be diagnosed.
• There have been five revisions of the DSM since it was initially published in 1952. Each time mental disorders are added or taken away.
• The DSM uses a multi-axial system meaning that people are assessed based on multiple criteria.
• The five axis model is designed to provide a comprehensive diagnosis that includes a complete picture of not just acute symptoms but of the entire scope of factors that account for a patient's mental health.

Axis 1: Clinical disorders.

            Examples - anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders.

Axis 2: Personality/developmental disorders.

            Examples - borderline personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder.

Axis 3: Relevant physical disorders.

            Examples - diabetes, asthma.

Axis 4: Psychosocial and environmental problems.

            Examples - educational problems, occupational problems.

Axis 4: Global assessment of functioning.

            Rating between 1 and 100.