Aerobic respiration - takes places continually in plants and animals - process uses glucose and oxygen to release energy - CO2 and H2O are waste products - most aerobic respiration chemical reactions happen in mitochondria and are controlled by enzymes
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)
Energy released may be used to:
build larger molecules from smaller ones
enable muscle contraction
maintain constant body temperatures
build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients to amino acids then proteins
Aerobic respiration experiments usually measure CO2 produced - limewater - faster turns cloudy = more CO2 - temperature rises when respiration happend
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B2.4.2 - The Effect of Exercise on the Body
Muscles need more energy to contract when exercising - need to increase rate oxygen and glucose reach muscle cells to respire and remove extra waste CO2 produced faster
Heart rate increases and blood vessels supplying muscles dilate - allows more blood containing oxygen and glucose to reach muscles
Breathing rate and breath depth increase - greater uptake of oxygen and release of CO2 at the lungs
Muscles stored glucose as glycogen - can be converted back to glucose when exercising
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B2.4.3 - Anaerobic Respiration
Use muscles for a long time - fatigued - won't contract efficiently
Can't get enough oxygen for aerobic respiration - respire anaerobically
Anaerobic respiration - glucose isn't broken down completely - lactic acid, less energy released, build up of lactic acid = muscle fatigue, blood flowing through muscles removes lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration - inefficient - incomplete breakdown of glucose - instead of CO2 and H2O, lactic acid is a waste product
Lactic acid = muscle fatigue, after exercise lactic acid must be broken down - need oxygen for this - extra oxygen called oxygen debt - oxidises lactic acid to CO2 and H2O
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