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Advantages
- Abravanel and DeYong found that 5 and 12 week old babies would imitate facial expressions from adult models but not photos of the adult models.
- An infant's capacity for imitation demonstrates that they are social beings and allow attachment to be formed between adult and child.
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Disadvantages
- Myers suggested that immediate physical contact is not necessary for the development of an attachment.
- Criticism of imitation studies suggest that babies are not intentionally social and react in similar ways to inanimate objects.
- The question of whether imitation is intentional is arguable - impact on a child's social development is unclear.
- Interactional synchrony is not related to the security of a relationship - it has been shown that mothers in Kenya rarely cuddle or speak to their babies even though they meet needs and are secure.
- Motherese does enhance communication between caregiver and baby but there is not evidence that it forms attachment. Adults use parentese all the time on children they have no attachment to.
- Kolunchova demonstrates that even extreme privation from caregiver-infant interaction, a bond can still be form - even though factors allowing recovery are difficult to distinguish.
- Recent attention has been paid to interactions between caregivers and infants as to the type of attachment. Ainsworth suggests that secure attachments come from how responsive the adult was. Izjendoorn indicated that there is only a weak relationship between maternal responsiveness and attachment type.
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