Women and gender

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  • Women and gender
    • Monasticism
      • Virgin women seen as holy and sacred.
      • Convents were seen as possessing a collective power of prayer stronger than individual prayers.
      • Caesaria of Arles, Queen Caratene and Radegund all valued faith above all else.
    • Family structure
      • Arguably family structures in early middle ages created conditions for women's agency in a new way.
      • From 11th c. women increasingly lost their claim on property inherited from parents and husbands - dower.
      • Agency of non-aristocratic women varied according to contacts.
      • Carolingian reformers tried to restrict ability of women to attend pilgrimages themselves.
      • Germanic women occupied crucial place in public life of barbarian tribes.
        • However few rights outside of her family's authority.
      • In courtly love literature, women remained passive objects of the veneration of men.
    • Twelfth-Century Renaissance
      • Women sometimes educated at home with tutors but they didn’t enter a world of letters, which was reserved for men.
      • Heloise d'Argenteuil viewed as a key figure of women's representation in scholarship.
      • After giving birth to their child out of wedlock, Heloise was forced by Abelard to become a nun.
        • Convent as a place of refuge/escape?
        • Monasticism
          • Virgin women seen as holy and sacred.
          • Convents were seen as possessing a collective power of prayer stronger than individual prayers.
          • Caesaria of Arles, Queen Caratene and Radegund all valued faith above all else.
    • Heresy
      • Concern about women living an apostolic life.
        • Women had to stay inside and own property to retain honour.
      • Clare of Assisi wanted to gather many people around her as Francis had done.
        • Clare ended up living a more traditional monastic life.
        • Marguerite Porete represents ambition within heretical movement - women having a position on equal terms with men. She was burnt as part of capital punishment.

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