Why did Germany divide in 1949?
- Created by: julia__sears
- Created on: 21-03-19 10:14
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- Why was Germany divided in 1949?
- Germany in 1945:
- population displacement
- 12 million refuges fleeing from E. Germany
- former slave labourers and camp prisoners
- huge number of men killed/iprisoned
- Urban destruction:
- allied bombing - firestorms, blanket bombing
- Hamburg, 1943, 30,000 killed
- Dresden, 1945, 150,000 killed and 70% property damaged
- 20% overall housing destroyed, 30% badly damaged
- Food and Fuel shortages:
- Average calorie intake - 1,000 a day
- thriving black-market
- Central Government/ authority had COLLAPSED
- population displacement
- Conferences:
- YALTA, February, 1945:
- divide Germany into 4 zones
- 3 Ds: Denazified, demilitarised and democratised
- Free elections in E. Europe (PCHERB)
- Soviet Sphere of Influence
- POTSDAM, July7, 1945:
- not very successful...
- leadership changes - Truman and Atlee
- Red Army advancing and NO free elections
- atomic bomb had exploded
- couldn't agree on reparations...
- DID agree to...
- ACC
- chaired by commanders-in-chief of the armies
- Upon SOVIET insistance, each commander had complete responsibility for their zone
- Central German offices for finance, transport, trade and industry
- Polish border - Oder-Neisse line and reduced Germany's size by 25%
- German population living beyond new eastern borders - expelled
- Nazi party outlawed and war criminals prosecuted
- Germany's economy decentralised and converted to agriculture and light industry
- ACC
- not very successful...
- YALTA, February, 1945:
- It needed to be rebuilt!
- Germany in 1945:
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