Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Covers Chapter 4 of the 20th Century option in CIE IGCSE History 0470 for 2017-2019 examination.
- Created by: insertwittyname
- Created on: 19-10-18 10:10
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- Who was to blame for the Cold War?
- Grand Alliance
- Causes of tension
- Lend-Lease
- Wartime disagreement
- War conferences
- Tehran- Poland and USSR borders moved
- Yalta- Germany split; reparations set; early elections in Eastern Europe; UN
- Potsdam- London Poles to join Lublin Poles; Germans returned to Germany; UN created; reparations confirmed; USSR gained land
- War conferences
- Ideological differences
- War conferences
- Tehran- Poland and USSR borders moved
- Yalta- Germany split; reparations set; early elections in Eastern Europe; UN
- Potsdam- London Poles to join Lublin Poles; Germans returned to Germany; UN created; reparations confirmed; USSR gained land
- Causes of tension
- Soviet control of Eastern Europe
- Czechoslovakia
- Communist government created; new elections blocked
- Hungary
- Rigged elections; communists merged with Social Democrats
- Poland
- Rigged elections; coalition government; opposition arrested
- Romania
- Coalition government; communists given important roles; rigged elections; King made to abdicate
- Bulgaria
- Coalition government; purged of anti-communists; monarchy banned; opposition removed
- Yugoslavia
- Tito refused to be controlled by Stalin; remained independently communist
- Iran
- Stalin broke agreement to leave Iran after the war; troops forced to leave after pressure from the US and UN
- Turkey
- Stalin wanted a naval base in the Dardanelles; unsuccessful because Turkey was supported by the West
- Czechoslovakia
- US reaction to expansionism
- Ended Lend-Lease
- May 1945, before the Potsdam Conference
- Dropped atomic bomb on Japan
- Maybe to show Stalin the power the USA held
- Iron Curtain speech
- Ended Grand Alliance
- Greece civil war; Britain could no longer afford to intervene; US had to step in to stop Greece becoming communist
- Truman Doctrine- US promised to fight communism everywhere
- Marshall Plan- economic aid to help Europe recover and therefore stop communism spreading
- Greece civil war; Britain could no longer afford to intervene; US had to step in to stop Greece becoming communist
- Ended Lend-Lease
- Germany and the Berlin Blockade
- Zones of occupation
- US, UK and France joined zones to create Trizone in 1948
- US made Marshall Aid available to West Germany; Stalin searched all shipments
- Blockade and airlift
- New currency introduced by the West for all German zones; Stalin did not allow it
- New currency made Stalin cut off West Berlin by all transport and turned off their electricity
- Took supplies to West Berlin by plane for 11 months
- Stalin did not dare shoot down any planes; stopped blockade in May 1949
- NATO and the Warsaw Pact formed
- Zones of occupation
- Who was responsible for starting the Cold War?
- USA
- 'Dollar Imperialism' made US get involved in Europe
- Needed a market in Europe in case of another Depression
- Marshall Aid meant to help a capitalist Europe recover
- Creation of Bizonia and Trizonia a breach of the Postdam agreement
- Truman did not trust the Soviets
- 'Dollar Imperialism' made US get involved in Europe
- USSR
- Communism was naturally expansionist; Stalin thought only communism or capitalism could survive
- Stalin did not stick to the Yalta agreement
- COMECON- ensured all Soviet Bloc had the same economic structure as the USSR
- COMINFORM-intended to undermine capitalist countries
- Stalin a constant leader; obsessed with Soviet security
- All Soviet policies were decided by him
- USA
- Grand Alliance
- Causes of tension
- Lend-Lease
- Wartime disagreement
- Ideological differences
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