AQA A2 Virtue Ethics Key Scholars
- Created by: Channah Leila
- Created on: 24-04-13 14:43
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- Virtue Ethics
- Modern approaches
- Virtue Ethics
- MacIntyre (1929 - )
- Thinks we have gone overboard and are at risk of getting rid of "our comprehension of theoretical and practical... morality"
- Looks back at the Greek writings
- Odysseus - You are what you do. To judge a man is to judge his actions
- We should aim for "heroic society"
- In Heroic Society courage is the measure of an individual and essential to maintain society
- A good person is: Courageous. Reliable. Loyal.
- In Heroic Society courage is the measure of an individual and essential to maintain society
- We should aim for "heroic society"
- Odysseus - You are what you do. To judge a man is to judge his actions
- Moral questions should be explored in terms of how we should make the most of our human lives rather than just following rules.
- Virtues allow us to make good moral judgements
- We have to practise being virtuous
- Being spontaneously virtuous is not the same as being a virtuous person
- We have to know ourselves to improve
- So it is then better to follow the guidance of a virtuous person rather than laws or consequentialist thinking
- As they focus on both the end of the action and the social practice of human life
- So it is then better to follow the guidance of a virtuous person rather than laws or consequentialist thinking
- We have to know ourselves to improve
- Being spontaneously virtuous is not the same as being a virtuous person
- We have to practise being virtuous
- Virtues allow us to make good moral judgements
- Moral Society
- Where people agree to common virtues and work towards them
- Moral issues should be thought about in terms of the community practising the common virtues
- Took this from the idea of the Christian community
- Acknowledges the differences between the virtues of the ancient Homeric world (warrior values) and Aquinas' Christian virtues
- 4 Cardinal Virtues
- Prudence
- Justice
- Temperance
- Bravery/Fortitude
- Re-defines Aristotle's different types of people
- Manager
- Therapist
- Aesthete
- 4 Cardinal Virtues
- Acknowledges the differences between the virtues of the ancient Homeric world (warrior values) and Aquinas' Christian virtues
- Took this from the idea of the Christian community
- Moral issues should be thought about in terms of the community practising the common virtues
- Where people agree to common virtues and work towards them
- Foot
- Virtues are beneficial characteristics that human beings need virtues to get on in life.
- Individuals need courage and wisdom
- Communities need charity and justice
- Individuals need courage and wisdom
- The body needs excellences such as strength and health, just like the mind needs excellences such as virtues
- A person is judged by their moral intentions rather than physical strengths
- Virtues are about our intentions and our wish to act
- Acknowledges that it is harder to be virtuous in some situations
- eg. tempted to steal a pretty necklace vs. tempted to steal bread for a starving family
- Acknowledges that it is harder to be virtuous in some situations
- Virtues are beneficial characteristics that human beings need virtues to get on in life.
- Anscombe (1919 - 2001)
- Against deontological and teleological theories which are preoccupied with a law conception of ethics and take no account of morals or emotions
- Against moral theories that permit any action for a "good end"
- Thinks moral "duty" should be gotten rid of
- Instead we should always name the exact wrong
- Untruthful. Unchaste. Unjust.
- Not "is doing .... wrong?" we should ask "was it unjust?" so we have a clearer answer
- Untruthful. Unchaste. Unjust.
- Instead we should always name the exact wrong
- Ancient approaches
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