UNIT 3: Development


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  • Created by: Jc1415
  • Created on: 04-07-21 15:09
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  • UNIT 3: Development
    • Brain development
      • Cortex
        • Outer layer of brain
        • Where all thinking and processing takes place
      • Cerebellum
        • "little brain"
        • coordination and balance
      • Thalamus
        • The "hub" of the brain
        • Receives and sends signals
      • Brain Stem
        • Connects brain to spinal cord
        • Controls autonomic functions
          • Functions that do not need to be thought about
            • Breathing
            • Blinking
    • Nature Vs Nurture
      • Nurture
        • Development of the brain is effect by what happens while the boby is in the womb
          • Smoking
          • Diseases such as rubella
      • Nature
        • What a baby inherits genetically
    • Piaget
      • Children think differently to adults
        • Their logic develops over time
      • Children use schemas to make sense of their world
        • Assimilation
          • When similar objects get added to an already existing scheme
        • Accommodation
          • When a new schema is created
      • Four stages of development
        • Sensorimotor                  0-2 years old
          • Object permanence from 8 months
          • Good to stimulate senses
        • Pre-operatinaol  2-7 years old
          • egocentric
            • 3 mountain study
          • Can not conserve
          • Good activities include role-play and dressing up
        • Concrete operational 7-11 years old
          • Can conserve
          • good activities include following instructions
        • formal operational  11+
          • Can think abstractly
      • Evaluation
        • Has real-world value
        • Lacks the ability to generalise to a wider population
          • Any research done by piaget was done on a small sample of children
        • He both over and under estimated childrens abilities
    • Mcgarrigle and donaldson naughty teddy study
      • Aim
        • To see if children could conserve from a younger age than piaget suggested
      • Method
        • 2 rows of counters were set up, a teddy came and messed up tone row of counters. the child was asked if the two rows were the same
        • 4-6 year old's
      • Results
        • When an adult deliberately changed the rows only 41% could conserve. When the teddy did it by accident 68% of the children could conserve
      • Conclusion
        • Piaget underestimated what children could do
        • Children could conserve earlier than piaget suggested
      • Evaluation
        • Refines Piagets theory
        • All particicipants came from the same school
        • Children could of simply been distracted by the teddy and not of been paying attention to the counters
    • Hugh's Policeman Doll study
      • Results
        • 90% of children could hide the doll
        • Older children did better at more difficult tests
      • Method
        • Children were asked to hide a doll from a policeman doll
        • 3.5- 5 year old's
        • Given a pratice test first
      • Conclusion
        • PIaget underestimated children's abilities
        • Children were less egocentric than piaget suggested
      • Aim
        • To see if children were less egocentric than piaget suggested
      • Evaluation
        • More realistic task than Piagets study (three mountains)
        • Refines piagets theory
        • Researcher may of given  unconscious clues with eye contact
          • there could be a bias
        • There was an element of multiple choice
        • The sample can not be generalized to wider population
          • All children were from Edingburgh
    • Dwecks Mindset theory
      • Fixed mindest
        • Effort wont help because talent and intelligence is fixed
        • Gives up easily
        • Focuses on performance
      • Growth Mindset
        • Believes you improve with effort
        • enjoys challenges
        • Deals with faliure by putting in effort
        • Focoses on learning goa;s
      • Evaluation
        • Has real-world value
        • Both mindsets involve praise which can be demotivating
    • Willingham
      • There is no evidence learning styles work
      • Neuroscience can be used to improve learning
      • Praise should be unexpected
      • Forgetting happens because there is a lack of memory cues
        • Practising memory techniques is more important than learning styles
      • Learning styles should be applied to the subjects being taught
      • Self-regulation is linked to higher grades
      • Evaluation
        • Based on scientific evidence
        • Positive impacts on education

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