GCSE GEOG TOURISM
- Created by: Tilly Nevin
- Created on: 25-03-13 19:13
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- Tourism
- World's largest industry. Worth $500 billion in 2007. Leisure accounts for 75% of all international tourism.
- Rise in international tourism 2006-7 6.1%. 900 million travellers in 2007, rise to 1.6 billion in 2020.
- One of greatest providers of jobs and incomes - 83% of countries one of countries top five sources of foreign exchange. Half the GDP of Carribean countries.
- Domestic tourism is between four and five times greater than international tourism in most countries.
- Top six destinations are France, Spain, USA, China, Italy, UK. Germans spend more per person on holiday than any other nation, followed by Americans, British, French, Japanese.
- Social and economic factors
- Since the 1950s people have become wealthier. Income greater, disposable income greater. People have two working parents instead of one. People have fewer children - less expensive. Car ownership increased. People have more leisure time as holidays increased to four or six weeks. Life expectancyrisen so more people are retired. Good pensions.
- Improvements in technology:travel quick and easy, airport expansion, motorways, faster aircraft, flying cheaper, booking online easy. Rise in oil prices 2008 had affect on flying - more domestic holidays.
- Expansion of holiday choice - 1950s/60s domestic - coastal, national parks, 1970s declined, package holds, ecotourism and extreme tourism.
- Tourist attractions
- Cultural museums, art galleries, architecture, shops, restaurants
- Natural landscape, mountains and coasts.
- Economic importance
- France has had more tourists than any other countries for years, in 2007 earning the largest amount of any nation from tourism.
- USA earns more than any other country from tourism yet has the third largest number of visitors. Europeans consider a vistit to the USA more special so stay longer and spend more.
- China - distance normally makes it too expensive but unique culture and variety of landscape attracts increasing numbers with both time and money.
- Caribbean - almost 50% from USA with France, Canada, UK also important. Expenditure ranges from different islands, Virgin attracts most.Essential jobs created by tourism but contribution to GDP varies greatly between wealthier and poorer countries. Richer countries have broadly balanced economies of which tourism is one part, whereas in less well off countries tourism can be essential. Small islands in the Caribbean for example - 80% of Barbados national income.
- Benefits of tourism in poorer parts of the world
- Many people employed-Antigua and Barbuda 30% work in these jobs, Jamaica only 8%
- Tourists-foreign exchange, essential to poorer countries, buy things fro other countries
- Tax visitors to pay for extra services they use such as water supply drainage electricity and roads
- Extra jobs created indirectly. Hotels buy produce from locals.
- Many small businesses started.
- Growth in tourism in UK
- 1600s Young aristocrats sent to see great cultural powerhousesof Europe to widen education and experience - Grand Tour.
- 1700s Wealthy people visited seaside towns for health
- 1800s working class had holidays, transport improves, wealthy avoid working and so go to Europe
- 1900s-car and more plane travel
- 2000s package hols
- Used to be domestic. Only wealthy and privileged went abroad. Domestic can be cheap or exp. Domestic grew in 1950s and 1960s as the growing economy provided higher pay and more time off work. Annual hol became common. UK seaside hols peaked in early to mid 1970s with 40 mil visitors annually. Seaside resorts declined as package hols abroad grew in number and affordability.
- Between world wars wealthier people went abroad. Cheap package hols. British weather unreliable. Many coastal hostels in 1980s forced to survive by housing homless, decreasing reputation.
- Earns over £80 bil per year from tourism and leisure. Amount grows slightly annual. 27.7 million overseas visitors spend over £13 billion of this sum. Restaurants and hotels make up a large proportion at £20 billion and £16 billion. More than 100 new hotels in UK Sept 2004, Dec 2005. London eye 3.7 million visitors per year.
- External factors affecting UK tourism in early 21st century
- Terrorism: Destruction of World Trade centre 11/09/01 had impact on travel. USA steps up security, so does UK and EU, airport security, check in times increase. London terrorist target-after attacks number decline
- Exchange rates: weaker pound equals more visitors and banking crisis less money to spend
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- External factors affecting UK tourism in early 21st century
- Earns over £80 bil per year from tourism and leisure. Amount grows slightly annual. 27.7 million overseas visitors spend over £13 billion of this sum. Restaurants and hotels make up a large proportion at £20 billion and £16 billion. More than 100 new hotels in UK Sept 2004, Dec 2005. London eye 3.7 million visitors per year.
- Between world wars wealthier people went abroad. Cheap package hols. British weather unreliable. Many coastal hostels in 1980s forced to survive by housing homless, decreasing reputation.
- Used to be domestic. Only wealthy and privileged went abroad. Domestic can be cheap or exp. Domestic grew in 1950s and 1960s as the growing economy provided higher pay and more time off work. Annual hol became common. UK seaside hols peaked in early to mid 1970s with 40 mil visitors annually. Seaside resorts declined as package hols abroad grew in number and affordability.
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