Topic 6: Ethnicity, Crime and Justice
- Created by: Lilly_B
- Created on: 18-06-17 14:33
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- Topic 6: Ethnicity, Crime and Justice
- Ethnicity and criminalisation
- Statistics
- Black people: 3% out 13% of f population bprison population
- Asian people: 6% of population but 7% of prison population
- Alternative sources of statistics
- Victim surveys: shows how blacka are over-represented in crime and crime is intra-ethnic
- Graham and Bowling: Self-report studies - blacks (43%) and whites (44%) had similar rates of offending
- Ethnicity, racism and criminal system
- Stop and searches
- Terrorism Act 2000
- Police racism: The Machperson report on murder of Stephen Lawrence
- Phillips and Bowling: sterotypes and 'canteen culture'
- Low discreation and high discretion
- Arrests and cautions
- Arrest rates for blacks three times more likely then whites + less likely to recieve a caution
- Due to ethnicminorities more likely to deny the offence and exercise their right for legal advice
- Prosecution and trial
- Phillips and Bowling: CPS more likely to drop cases against ethnic minorities - discrimination and weak cases
- Convictions and sentencing
- Blacks and Asians less likely to be found guilty
- Prison
- Black people four times more likely to be in prison serving longer sentences
- Stop and searches
- Statistics
- Explaining differences in offending
- Left-realism
- Yea and Young: stems from racism which causes economic exclusion, marginalisation and delinquent working-class black subcultures
- Lea and Young: crime statistics are real because 90% of crimes are reported by the public and blacks are worse offenders then Asians - unlikely selective racism
- Neo-marxism
- Gilroy: the myth of black criminality - black criminality is a myth made t stereotype black Caribbeans + crime is a form of political resistence with roots in imperiamism
- Hall et all: black mugging crisis in 1970's set up as distraction from ruling class economic depression
- More recent approaches
- Fitzgerald: Neighbourhood - crime was highest in deprived areas where youth came into contact with affluent groups: blacks ore likely to expereicne poverty
- Sharpe and Budd: Getting calught - blacks ore easily identifiable + black exclusion from school raises 'visability' to authorities
- Left-realism
- Ethnicity and victimisation
- Categorising incidents
- Main sources are victim surveys and statistics which cover racist incidents and racially/religiously aggrevated offences
- Extent and risk of victimisation
- Mixed race more likely to be victimised (27%) in comparrison to blacks (18%)
- Statistics don't capture experience - usually ongoing over time
- Responses to victimsation
- Responsive ethnic communities: firebroof letterboxes, campaigns and defence classes
- Under-protected and over-policed
- Categorising incidents
- Ethnicity and criminalisation
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