Topic 5: Gender, Crime and Justice

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  • Created by: Lilly_B
  • Created on: 18-06-17 11:20
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  • Topic 5: Gender, Crime and Justice
    • Gender differences
      • Gender patterns in crime
        • Women more convicted of property offences, and men of more sexual/violent crimes
        • Males more likely to be repeat offenders, have longer criinal careers and commit mre serious crime
        • four out of five convicted offenders in UK are male
      • The chivalry thesis
        • Flood-page: 1 in 11 female self-reported offenders cauitoned/prosicuted vs 1 in 7 males
        • Ofificial statistics: females more likely to be relesed on bail and more likely to to recieve a fine/comunity service
      • Evidence against chivalry thesis
        • Hales: Self-report studies: men commmit more offences - more likely to binge drink and do drugs + commit crimes in major categories
        • Under-reporting: only 8% of women who were sexaully assulted reported it + Yearnshire: women typically suffer 35 assults before reporting domestic violence
      • Bias against women
        • Double standards - courts punish girls more harsly for sexual promiscuity - Sharpe: 7 out of 11 girls referred for support yet 0 out of 44 boys
        • Carlen: women iprisoned less for the seriousness of their crime, and more for the courts assessment of them as wives, mothers and daughters
        • Walklate: in **** cases its the victim on trial, not the defendant, ro prove her respectibility in order for her evidence to be accepted
    • Explaining female crime
      • Functional sex role theory
        • Parsons: women are more expressive whereas boys are more aggressive and reject femenine models of behavour 'compensationary masculinity'
        • Murray: lack of  male father figure leads to delinquency  + subcultures
      • Heidensohn: patriarchal control
        • Reduced oppotunity to offend control at home through housework, childcare, financial control and dometic violence (fear in media of ****)
        • Control at work: male supervisors and managers suppress through sexual harassment  + give women suordinate work positions
      • Carlen: class and gender ideals
        • Woking-class women cofrom through the promise of the 'class deal' and the 'gender deal'
      • The liberation thesis
        • Adler: loosening of patriarchal control has led to more criminal oppotunities for women = increasing female crime rate
      • Females and violent crime
        • Schwarz: no change in womens involvment in violent crime through victim surveys and self-report studies - 'widening the net'
        • Worrall: moral panics about girls - misbehaviour of girls used to be a welfare issue, now criminalised
      • Gender and victimisation
        • 70% of homicides commited by males = females more likely to know their killer and 60% of the time it was a partner or ex-partner
    • Why do men commit more crime?
      • Masculinity and crime
        • Messerschmidt: Masculinity has to be earned and constructued: white middle-class youth, white working-class youth, black working-class youth
        • hegemonic masculinity is the most dominent
      • Winlow: postmodernity, masculinity and crime
        • Job oppotunities in industy have declined since de-industrialisation - working-class men turned to crie in lesiure economy
        • Winlow: study of Sunderland bouncers - resulted in conections with the drug trade
      • Body capital
        • Physical assests of bodybuilding- 'looking te part' -  discourage challengers

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