Topic 5: Gender, Crime and Justice
- Created by: Lilly_B
- Created on: 18-06-17 11:20
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- Topic 5: Gender, Crime and Justice
- Gender differences
- Gender patterns in crime
- Women more convicted of property offences, and men of more sexual/violent crimes
- Males more likely to be repeat offenders, have longer criinal careers and commit mre serious crime
- four out of five convicted offenders in UK are male
- The chivalry thesis
- Flood-page: 1 in 11 female self-reported offenders cauitoned/prosicuted vs 1 in 7 males
- Ofificial statistics: females more likely to be relesed on bail and more likely to to recieve a fine/comunity service
- Evidence against chivalry thesis
- Hales: Self-report studies: men commmit more offences - more likely to binge drink and do drugs + commit crimes in major categories
- Under-reporting: only 8% of women who were sexaully assulted reported it + Yearnshire: women typically suffer 35 assults before reporting domestic violence
- Bias against women
- Double standards - courts punish girls more harsly for sexual promiscuity - Sharpe: 7 out of 11 girls referred for support yet 0 out of 44 boys
- Carlen: women iprisoned less for the seriousness of their crime, and more for the courts assessment of them as wives, mothers and daughters
- Walklate: in **** cases its the victim on trial, not the defendant, ro prove her respectibility in order for her evidence to be accepted
- Gender patterns in crime
- Explaining female crime
- Functional sex role theory
- Parsons: women are more expressive whereas boys are more aggressive and reject femenine models of behavour 'compensationary masculinity'
- Murray: lack of male father figure leads to delinquency + subcultures
- Heidensohn: patriarchal control
- Reduced oppotunity to offend control at home through housework, childcare, financial control and dometic violence (fear in media of ****)
- Control at work: male supervisors and managers suppress through sexual harassment + give women suordinate work positions
- Carlen: class and gender ideals
- Woking-class women cofrom through the promise of the 'class deal' and the 'gender deal'
- The liberation thesis
- Adler: loosening of patriarchal control has led to more criminal oppotunities for women = increasing female crime rate
- Females and violent crime
- Schwarz: no change in womens involvment in violent crime through victim surveys and self-report studies - 'widening the net'
- Worrall: moral panics about girls - misbehaviour of girls used to be a welfare issue, now criminalised
- Gender and victimisation
- 70% of homicides commited by males = females more likely to know their killer and 60% of the time it was a partner or ex-partner
- Functional sex role theory
- Why do men commit more crime?
- Masculinity and crime
- Messerschmidt: Masculinity has to be earned and constructued: white middle-class youth, white working-class youth, black working-class youth
- hegemonic masculinity is the most dominent
- Winlow: postmodernity, masculinity and crime
- Job oppotunities in industy have declined since de-industrialisation - working-class men turned to crie in lesiure economy
- Winlow: study of Sunderland bouncers - resulted in conections with the drug trade
- Body capital
- Physical assests of bodybuilding- 'looking te part' - discourage challengers
- Masculinity and crime
- Gender differences
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