'To what extent is sustainable development difficult to achieve in the developing world?'
- Created by: not a goth
- Created on: 07-06-17 17:08
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- 'To What Extent Is Sustainable Development Difficult to Achieve in The Developing World?'
- Brundtland report (1987)
- 'development which meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'
- balance between social, economic and environmental development
- relatively new concept
- can be difficult to achieve all three requirements, especially with LEDCs
- oxymoron- 2 words with contrasting meaning
- Economic Development is a Priority
- economic situation -in debt
- need to develop economically to pay off debts
- high poverty levels and little growth so govts want growth
- economic growth to provide for BHNs
- Eg. Uganda NDPII wants to exploit oil industry for growth - not envt sustainable
- economic growth to provide for BHNs
- agrees that environmental degradation is a result of poverty so poverty reduction is prioirty
- often environmental degradation bc of economic growth
- Eg: Belo Monta Dam will cause 5,000km2 deforestation in next 20 years
- often lack of participation of locals
- Eg. Belo Monte Dam floods fishing area of indigenous people -don't speak Portuguese so don't know what's going on
- cannot have sustainable development because of economic issues and social inequality
- economic situation -in debt
- LEDCs Lack Resources for Sustainable Development
- no funds for sustainable projects
- idea is then to make the environment profitable (eg. MCA's, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park)
- does not necessarily solve social issues (inequality) if external companies invest
- idea is then to make the environment profitable (eg. MCA's, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park)
- hard to achieve all three spheres with economic growth (see prev. paragraph)
- but also hard to acheive environmental/social development without money
- shown in MDGs: designed to reduce poverty & countries worked hard but MDG7 v far behind
- but also hard to acheive environmental/social development without money
- MDG7: the environment, water & sanitation and slum dwellers
- not acheived in Bangladesh
- But! in China! 470m lifted out of poverty, achieved targets for improving slum dwellers' lives and water & sanitation
- not environment? but did reduce energy consumption 2005-2010
- good bc focus on social and environmental development
- not achieved because of benefits of exploitation, lack of will for change and lack of funding
- not achieved because of benefits of exploitation, lack of will for change and lack of funding
- Small-scale work of NGOs is very sustainable
- Eg. Micro-hydro, Send a Cow
- however! only works and has impact on a small scale
- no funds for sustainable projects
- Role and Practices of MNCs
- linked to economic growth and barriers preventing sustainable development
- Eg. Nike in Vietnam, Coca-cola in India
- found in developing countries bc of cheap labour and few restrictions
- opposite to sustainable development practices
- an issue when implementing SD policies (eg. clean rivers, decreased CO2 emissions, deforestation or fossil fuel use)
- MNCs have power over governments: 130 countries have economies smaller than the top 50 TNCs
- sustainable development cannot be achieved when MNCs have power to influence environmental decisions
- an awful lot of responsibility lies with consumers to buy 'clean' products- these are more expensive
- consumer market is where the money is: if people keep buying unsustainable products, MNCs will keep producing them
- HOWEVER!
- Sustainable development is a long, ongoing process
- results are not seen immediately
- Norway and Sweden (the most sustainable) not completely sustainable
- underwent a process similar to developing countries now (KUZNETZ CURVE)
- bc of Kuznetz curve, social development is needed before environmental development
- can be achievable to the developing world and beginning to occur
- using sustainability for development -eg ecotourism in Costa Rica
- but! had social development first!
- developing countries being forced to 'act sustainable' for developed ones (carbon exchange)
- can keep people in poverty bc doesn't allow for development
- Sustainable development is a long, ongoing process
- Brundtland report (1987)
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