WD3 Perspectives of Development

Colonialism: 

strengths: gains resources, trade links, modernises society, discovery and power 
weaknesses: little consideration for individuals affected, problems at home, loss of resources, loss of culture and identity, exploitation and slavery.

The Scramble for Africa

1: what factors were considered when acquiring colonies? 

convenience of ports
materials and resources 
surrounding colonies  

2: what factors were ignored? 

political and geographical borders that already existed 
the effect on people 
the effect on the environment 

3: summarise the scramble for afirca: 

decided at the berlin conference 1884 which determined the partition of africa between european countries 

political reasons:

rise of nationalism in europe, mark of national pride and prestige

practical:

new medicines lowered death rate, new weapons

ideological:

european duty to dominate, european rule seen as privileged

• africa holds 10% of the worlds population

Mercantilism: get rich 

basic terms of trade: exports outweigh imports = trade surplus 
in order to get rich, your exports should exceed the imports

motives for colonialism 

• european gain 
• power and influence 
• slaves 
• resource and trade links 
• cultural domination 
• competition 
• using labour 
• tax revenue 
• discovery

european motives for colonialism

• european racism 
• social and economic opportunities 
• industrial revolution 
• places for unwanted people 

6 Killer Apps: NIAL FERGUSSON 

Following the Great Divergence, countries developed economically whilst others decreased or remained at the same level, the west is rich because they have developed the 6 killer apps of prosperity. why haven't poor countries caught up quicker?

• competition 
• scientific revolution 
• property rights 
• modern medicine 
• consumer society 
• work vs leisure 

THE PARTITION OF INDIA 

• Britain left bankrupt following WW2, had to find a way to leave India quickly and to save as much money as possible, they could not afford to keep the colony so gave India its independence. 
• Leaders were unsure of how to run India and attempted at bringing in a state where everyone lived in a single state side by side, however, muslim's feared living under hindu beliefs which created predjudices, this drove muslims to want an independent homeland. 

Key People 

Ghandi: 

• early leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement 
• non violent resistance 
• imprisoned many times 

Nehru: 

• ghandi's protege 
• worked with ghandi 
• used ghandi's non violent attics 
• became president in 1947 

Jinnah 

• leader of all india muslim league 
• represented the muslims who were a minority 
• concerned muslims would not have sufficient protection or political representation 
• died within one year of pakistan being created 
• fought for muslim homeland 

Sikhs

• live in the punjab 
• resisted the partition plan 
• the new border divided their homeland 

Mountbatten:

• his job was to find a way for britain to leave india quickly 
• worried that if not done quickly enough it would implode
• india were given their independence but didn't know what to do with it 

Cyril Radcliffe 

• determined the border 
• everyone was unhappy 
• british say he did it correctly 

- calcutta: supporter of all muslim league (jinnah) 
- thousands of muslims gathered in protest
- radical muslims headed to muslim parts in anger
- local gangsters overtook
- violence expanded
- beatings and hitting the doors to houses
- muslims slaughter of hindu…