The Failure of Attempts to Reach a Settlement, 1646-1649 Part 2
- Created by: Clodagh
- Created on: 06-05-14 11:11
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- The Failure of Attempts to Reach a Settlement, 1646-1649 (Mindmap 2)
- The Engagement, December 1647
- Charles had a strong belief in the divine right and would be reluctant to surrender control of religious belief and control of the militia
- The king escaped in November 1647. It was timely from the point of view of the Grandees
- His greater freedom and easier access to France or other foreign help raised the possibility of renewed war
- He escaped from army custody at Hampton Court and made his way to the Isle of Wight
- Charles signed the agreement with the Scots. It stated that Presbyterianism would be allowed for three years in England, in return for a Scottish invasion to return him to power
- This united the New Model ranks as they faced military threat from Charles
- At the end of December, Charles rejected the Four Bills, an amalgamation of the Newcastle Propositions and the Heads of the Proposals
- The Vote of No Addresses, January 1648
- When Parliament, reacting to the king's engagement with the Scots, passed a vote of no further addresses to the king, it meant that there would be no further negotiations with Charles
- In response to the Vote, outraged gentry organised local petitions calling for a treaty with the king and the disbandment of the army
- In the spring of 1648, these local resentments led to disturbances in London and Norwich and outright rebellion in Kent and Essex and in sections of the navy
- Windsor Prayer Meeting, April 1648
- The New Model gathered at Windsor to pray before meeting their enemies
- They declared Charles as a 'man of blood'
- Here, the army articulated regicide in public for the first time
- The Second Civil War, 1647-8
- Military Significance
- There was a desire for a return to normal and familiar forms of government
- The parliamentary ordinance against the celebration of Christmas in 1647 led to riots
- Parliamentarian supporters who led these outbreaks were seeking to influence the decisions of parliament but were easily dealt with by the army
- The parliamentary ordinance against the celebration of Christmas in 1647 led to riots
- Royalists had a desire to return to familiar forms of government too
- They had cavalier risings in Cornwall, Yorkshire and Wales
- Charles had support from the Scottish army who entered England in July
- They had een slow to raise forces and were hampered by quarrels between the nobility and the kirk
- The Scottish army struggled in the English weather
- They were caught at Preston by Cromwell
- The Scottish army struggled in the English weather
- They had een slow to raise forces and were hampered by quarrels between the nobility and the kirk
- There was a desire for a return to normal and familiar forms of government
- Political Significance
- The conservative case for a compromise peace was enormously strengthened while on the other hand the army became adamantly opposed to any such treaty
- Although rebellions had been ill-coordinated and ineffective, the widespread unrest revealed popular dislike for parliament's attempts to reform religion
- The House of Commons responded by repealing the Vote of No Addresses
- This re-opened negotiations with the king
- Those 11 MPs who had been impeached retook their seats
- This re-opened negotiations with the king
- Commissioners were sent to the Isle of Wight to meet the king
- When the army had done its work for parliament's safety, there was every prospect that its interests would be sacrificed in a new treaty between the parliamentary majority and the king
- In 1647 reservations regarding the king's reliability in any settlement had been made public and the army declared its right to a voice in any political settlement
- The conservative case for a compromise peace was enormously strengthened while on the other hand the army became adamantly opposed to any such treaty
- Military Significance
- The Remonstrance, November 1648
- Because of Charles's secrecy and willingness to see a new war, the army and a minority of MPs argued that it was pointless to negotiate as he could not be trusted
- They claimed he had forfeited his right to be God's anointed after his first defeat at parliament's hands
- The position of the army was more formally outlined by Ireton in November 1648 in the Remonstrance of the army
- It demanded that parliament put Charles on trial
- If parliament refused to do this, the remonstrance called for a purge of parliament and then the king's trial
- It demanded that parliament put Charles on trial
- Because of Charles's secrecy and willingness to see a new war, the army and a minority of MPs argued that it was pointless to negotiate as he could not be trusted
- The Newport Treaty Negotiations, 1648
- The army was given little opportunity to debate. While its remonstrances were ignored, the parliamentary majority pushed ahead with the proposed treaty with the king
- In early December the commissioners returned from the Isle of Wight with the king's answer to the four bills
- He rejected proposals regarding the church, but made concessions over the militia
- 129 MPs voted to continue the Newport Treaty with Charles
- Pride's Purge, December 1648
- Army Acted
- Ireton wished to dissolve the House of Commons and hold new elections on a reformed franchise
- He was dissuaded by the radical MPs to use the army in negotiations with Charles. A military intervention would be unpopular
- It was decided to purge the present parliament and leave the settlement in the hands of the minority left
- 45 MPs from the long parliament were imprisoned for supporting the Newport Negotiations
- It is estimated that 210 MPs were left as the rump parliament after the purge
- It was decided to purge the present parliament and leave the settlement in the hands of the minority left
- He was dissuaded by the radical MPs to use the army in negotiations with Charles. A military intervention would be unpopular
- Ireton wished to dissolve the House of Commons and hold new elections on a reformed franchise
- The Purge
- On 6 December parliamentary buildings were surrounded by troops under Colonel Pride
- Motivation of Supporters of the Trial
- The imprisoned MPs that supported negotiations were of a higher social status and more wealthy than those in favour of execution
- Cromwell
- He wanted to sort things with Charles but this was made difficult by Charles's belief in the divine right
- He pushed for public trial
- This may have been interpreted as a sign from God
- Some MPs were in favour of republicanism and to abolish the monarchy
- Army Acted
- The Trial and Execution of Charles I, January 1649
- The Rump agreed to establish a High Court to try the king
- He was declared guilty and was sentenced to die
- Out of 135 commissioners, 59 became regicides by signing the death warrant of Charles
- The Engagement, December 1647
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