The Third Civil War
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- Created on: 03-03-21 08:26
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- The Third Civil war
- Royalism in England
- Prince Charles had fled 1645 -
- Little financial support
- Difficult to coordinate military action from exile.
- Five veteran royalist leaders were executed shortly after Charles, preventing an uprising
- most had a monarchical impulse but disliked Charles I
- Prince Charles had fled 1645 -
- Royalism in Ireland
- 1649 - Marquis of Ormond made the second Ormond agreement
- Brought Protestant Royalists into one movement, loyal to the Stuart monarchs
- Full assurance of equality between protestants and catholics - freedom of worship etc
- Dissolution of the confederate government, replaced by 12 commissioners
- Restructuringof Irish-Royalist army
- Met by Cromwell's Irish Campaign
- 1649 - Marquis of Ormond made the second Ormond agreement
- Cromwell's Irish campaign
- Cromwell controlled Parliamentaryarmy that was adequately paid and equipped
- Massacre of Drogheda
- Cromwell did an artillery bombardment of supposedly impenetrable walls
- Killed priests etc on sight, set light to a Catholic church sheltering soldiers. Civilians and soldiers massacred
- Massacre of Wexford
- Equally as violent - felt providence justified it
- Simply another example of Cromwell's immediate use of brutality etc
- Reduced Ormond's army to 3,000 men, secured aship supply lines from England, neutralised threats of an invasion.
- Ormond became scapegoated for Ireland's problems, particularly as prince Charles signed a deal with Scotland, forcing him out of the Ormond agreement.
- Royalism in Scotland
- Scotland stuck to the Covanent - a moral and religious obligation to restore Charles II
- 1649 - two days after Scottish Parliament declared Charles II king, it passed an act rendering him helpless until he agreed
- To subscribe to and sustain the National and Solemn League and Covenants
- Maintain Scottish Presbyterianism
- Establish Presbyterian settlement in England and Ireland - meant breaking Ormond Agreement
- Montrose Rising
- Charles wanted a show of military force to assert royal prerogative - early 1650 Marquis of Montrose led small force of mercenaries
- Easily defeated and captured - Montrose executed
- Treaty of Breda
- Scottish Parliament's proposal for a settlement, limiting prerogative powers
- Demanded agreement to Covanent, to become Presbyterians,no toleration for Catholicism,, recognition of Scottish Parliament, recent treaties to be annulled (including Ormond agreement)
- Signed 1650 - Charles' need for support was great
- Battle of Dunbar
- English Parliament did a pre-emptive invasion of Scotland following Charles II's return
- Fairfax, tired of the prospect of another battle, left leadership of NMA to Cromwell.
- Leslie (Scotland) led 22,000 men - Cromwell led 7,500 and 3.500 cavalry
- Leslie initially seemed to approach victory but Cromwell outflanked them at night and attacked at dawn - surprise
- Cromwell again believed in Providence here - that God was on his side
- Defeat and exile of Charles II
- Battle of Worcester
- Renewed Scottish army fought for Charles, hoping to trigger a royalist revival
- Royalists had far more losses than Parliamentarians
- Losses in NMA only about 200 - for Charles it was about 3000
- No Royalist revival - Charles went into exile, hiding from Cromwell and the Parliamentarians.
- Battle of Worcester
- Royalism in England
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