The Provisional Committee and the Petrograd Soviet
- Created by: Tori
- Created on: 22-05-20 15:13
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- The Provisional Committee and the Petrograd Soviet
- By late Feb, the Tsar's government effectively lost control of the capital.
- On 27th Feb, two new organisations were formed:
- The Provisional Committee
- 12 members of the Duma formed an emergancy committee to keep the government going during the crisis.
- The Petrograd Soviet
- A committee of wrokers was formed to co-ordinate the strikes and to formulate the demands of the workers.
- These two groups effectively took control of the city.
- The Provisional Committee
- On 27th Feb, two new organisations were formed:
- Order Number 1
- On 1st March, the Petrograd Soviet demonstrated its authority by issuing Order Number 1.
- The order was directed at the army.
- It instructed soldiers to democratise the army, giving soldiers the power to elect their own officers and to question orders.
- The order was directed at the army.
- Although he order had no real authority, the majority of the Russian army obeyed it.
- In this way the order was significant as:
- It demonstrated the 'de facto' authority of the Duma.
- Ended the authority of Tsar and his generals over the army.
- In this way the order was significant as:
- On 1st March, the Petrograd Soviet demonstrated its authority by issuing Order Number 1.
- The actions of the Provisional Committee
- Key members of the Duma convinced important generals that military intervention could ignite a Civil War.
- Thus, in the last days of February the Russian army didn't attempt to put down the revolution in the capital.
- Order Number 1 further weakened the Tsar's position.
- Rodzianko (one of the leading figures in the Duma) saw an opportunity to remove the Tsar.
- He encouraged General Nikolai Ruzsky (commander of the Northen Front) to meet the Tsar at Pskv and encourage him to resign.
- Rodzianko (one of the leading figures in the Duma) saw an opportunity to remove the Tsar.
- Key members of the Duma convinced important generals that military intervention could ignite a Civil War.
- The middle class and the Tsar
- The Russian middle class were unwilling to support the Tsar.
- During 1915 factory owners in Petrograd had prospered due to profitable government contracts to produce munitions.
- However, middle-class Russians believed that the monarchy was corrupt ad imcompetent.
- They blamed the Tsar for the military and economic failures of 1915.
- However, middle-class Russians believed that the monarchy was corrupt ad imcompetent.
- The middle class in Petrograd supported the new Provisional Committee.
- They hoped that it would lead to a more effective and democratic government.
- During 1915 factory owners in Petrograd had prospered due to profitable government contracts to produce munitions.
- The Russian middle class were unwilling to support the Tsar.
- The abdication of Nicholas II
- Representatives from the Duma met with the Tsar on board his train and requested his abdication.
- The Tsar agreed to abdicate on 2nd March.
- He abdicated for himself and for his son.
- He believed his son was too ill to assume the government of Russia and feared for his own life.
- He abdicated for himself and for his son.
- The Tsar agreed to abdicate on 2nd March.
- Loss of elite support
- Nicholas accepted that he must abdicate as he recognised he had lost the support of the Russian elite:
- In 1905, Nicholas was able to reassert control of Russia because he had the support of the army.
- However, in 1917 senior generals indicated that they were not willing to support him.
- In 1905 Nicholas was able to reach a compromise with the middle class.
- However, in 1917 the middle class had lost faith in the Tsar,.
- This was due to rumours of corruption and the incompetence of his wartime government.
- However, in 1917 the middle class had lost faith in the Tsar,.
- In 1905, Nicholas was able to reassert control of Russia because he had the support of the army.
- In 1917, Russian military leaders and the Russian middle class were united in a desire to win WW1.
- They believed that they could build on the limited success achieved in the Brusilov Offensive, and work through the Zemgor to solve the munitions crisis.
- In this context, they believed that the Tsar was an obstacle to military success and economic efficiency.
- Therefore, the Russian elite abandoned the Tsar in order to win the war.
- In this context, they believed that the Tsar was an obstacle to military success and economic efficiency.
- They believed that they could build on the limited success achieved in the Brusilov Offensive, and work through the Zemgor to solve the munitions crisis.
- Nicholas accepted that he must abdicate as he recognised he had lost the support of the Russian elite:
- Representatives from the Duma met with the Tsar on board his train and requested his abdication.
- By late Feb, the Tsar's government effectively lost control of the capital.
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