The Nervous System
- Created by: itsmissmorlese
- Created on: 04-10-18 17:19
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- The nervous system
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Somatic nervous system
- Uses sensory nerve cells to convey sensation from skeletal or voluntary muscles, the skin and the sense organs.
- Uses motor nerve cells to initiate skeletal muscle contraction voluntarily
- Visceral nervous system
- Conveys sensory information from visceral organs e.g. heart, lungs, kidneys
- Autonomic nervous system used to initiate muscle contraction in this system
- Information received as deeper sensations e.g. internal pain and bladder fullness
- Autonomic nervous system
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- Maintains body function at rest, and restores body function after sympathetic nervous system activity
- Sympathetic nervous system
- Initiates activities associated with emergency and stress e.g. increased BP/ heart rate and increased blood sugar conc.
- Parasympathetic nervous system
- Somatic nervous system
- The central nervous system (CNS)
- The spinal cord
- Runs from the neck down to the base of the back
- Is protected by the bones in the vertebral column
- The brain
- Where higher cognitive functions e.g. memory, thought and emotion, take place.
- Takes up nearly all of the space in the skull
- The spinal cord
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- The major centre for nervous system control
- Approx. 10^12 neurons in an adult human
- CNS is nourished and maintained by the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid- a clear watery fluid with similar constituents to blood (minus red blood cells)
- Nerve cells lying outside the CNS
- Essential in allowing the CNS and the periphery of the body to communicate.
- Associated with involuntary actions
- Associated with voluntary actions
- Made up of motor nerves from the CNS that either excite (contract) or inhibit (relax) smooth muscle
- Not under voluntary control. Associated with blood vessels, glands, bladder and the respiratory system.
- Can excite or inhibit cardiac muscle
- The two systems work complementar to each other
- Most visceral organs are innervated by both limbs of the autonomic nervous system
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