THE MUNICH PUTSCH AND THE LEAN YEARS 1923-29
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- Created on: 17-10-21 19:58
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- THE MUNICH PUTSCH & THE LEAN YEARS 1923-29
- THE LEAN YEARS 1924-29
- MEIN KAMPF
- Talks about: Aryan race, nationalism socialism, totalitarianism, traditional German values, anti-Semitism, propaganda
- PARTY REORGANISATION
- -H released 20 DEC 1924 -Relaunched NSDAP 27FEB1925 -Like a mini state
- G divided into 35 regions (Gau), each had a leader (Gauleiter) (e.g., Gregor Strasser), rarely elected many forced their way to top like H did in DAP -Raised finance from wealthy industrialists who shared some of H nationalist views, eventually received loans from big businessmen, like Thyssen,Krupp & Bosch
- Paramilitary arm, the SA, The German Women's Order, Nationalist Socialist German Students' League, Hitler Youth(14-18), School Pupils' League
- THE SCHUTZSTAFFEL (**)
- 1930= SA 400,000 (MPutsch taught him that SA untrustworthy & H doesn't have a totally loyal bodyguard group) -Many SA,violent thugs, difficult to control -Whilst in prison, SA became loyal to Ernst Rohm, its commander
- 1925= Rohm replaced & forced to work abroad until returns in 1930
- -New party security group, ** (Protection Squad),run by Julius Schreck, (personal chauffer & bodyguard) -later replaced with Heinrich Himmler(more senior member) -1930=**, 3000 -Famous & feared -1932= black uniform (the black shirts)
- THE BAMBERG CONFERENCE 1926
- -In Bamberg, in Bavaria -Addressed split b/n socialist & nationalist Gauleiters -Northern leaders(socialists) (e.g. Strasser) shared views but H made clear that socialist wing too much like communists(enemies)
- -H tried to win over Goebbels, so G abandoned Strasser's arguments, S called G 'a scheming dwarf'
- -G now leader of Berlin -Strasser killed in Nazi party clear out, 1934 -Socialist principles weakened
- WHY IS IT THE LEAN YEARS?
- 1929= 100,000 members -Economic recovery &1925 President Paul von Hindenburg (78yearold) = less support for extreme parties(24-28)
- -MAY 1928 elections= won only 12 seats, only 7th biggest party, polled only 810,000 votes (2.6% of the total vote)
- MEIN KAMPF
- THE MUNICH PUTSCH 1923
- BACKGROUND
- -WR unpopular coz of hyperinflation -1922=Italian leader Mussolini had successful march in Rome & took over govt. with army
- -H thought Bavarian leaders: Gustav von Kahr, Otto von Lossow, Hans Seisser would support him
- EVENTS
- 8 NOV 1923= H & SA(600) burst into beer hall, disrupting political meeting by Kahr Seisser & Lossow, held at gunpoint till offered support
- 9 NOV 1923= 5am, took to Munich streets( H, Ludendorff, 1000 SA, 2000 volunteer supporters)-SA robbed from Jewish owned banks and gave to supporters -Kahr, Seisser & Lossow changed minds & ordered troops & police to resist -H only had 2000 rifles so was outnumbered -Bodyguard, Graf threw himself in front of H, wounded by half a dozen bullets, Goering shot in thigh, H dragged to the ground by his bodyguards dislocated left arm -14 supporters & 4 policemen shot dead
- -H fled in car -11 NOV 1923= found hiding in friends (Ernst Hanfstaengl) wardrobe & arrested & Nazi Party banned
- CONSEQUENCES
- Short-term: defeat & humiliation but a propaganda success, trial was national publicity on TV
- -FEB 1924= H & 3 others trial for high treason -Ludendorff found not guilty (coz of judges support not evidence)
- -H realised to gain complete control of party by legal methods (winning elections/democratically) not with violence - 16 FEB 1925= NSDAP ban lifted but even before with diff. name MAY 1924 elections won 32 seats
- -Court sympathetic, minimum sentence for offence, 5 years (only stayed in Landsberg prison for 9 months -Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) during, contained his political ideas &became inspiration of Nazi Party
- BACKGROUND
- THE LEAN YEARS 1924-29
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