The History of Photography and development of the Camera

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  • Created on: 20-10-16 13:15
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  • The History of Photography and development of the Camera
    • The Birth of Photography
      • Photography officially began to exist in 1839. Well, this was when it was released to the public.
        • The first recording of a camera was by Aristotle in the 4th century BC
      • The Camera obscura was first completed in a dark room with a tiny hole in on wall, which by effect of light diffraction, projected an image of the outside world onto the opposite wall.
        • The term "Camera Obscura" is Latin for "dark room" or "dark chambers"
      • It wasn't until 1568, which is around 2000years later, when an Italian Daniello Barbaro added a lens  to the hole
        • This improved the sharpness of the image dramatically.
      • It was in the mid 17th century when the  camera obscura became portable
        • It was made smaller. It became a 30mm, which is 12 inches, box
    • The First Pictures
      • Late 18th century that an image could be made formed from a   stencil
        • If the material had been soaked in silver nitrate but there fixing the image
          • That was until Sir John Herschel discovered Sodium hyposulphite as a fixing agent in 1819
      • By 1819 we had a camera, photographic-sensitive material and fixing agent
      • In the summer of 1826 a Frenchman called Joesph Niepce  made the first photograph
        • He cut a hole in a wooden box and into the hole he fitted a lens.
          • On the opposite side of the lens, he placed a glass plate coated with a bitumen compound
            • He placed the box on his workshop's windowsill and left it there for eight hours.
        • When he got it from the windowsill, he washed the plate with lavender oil.
          • He placed the box on his workshop's windowsill and left it there for eight hours.
          • The unexposed area of the plate had been exposed to the light, the bitumen hardened
            • The unexposed areas of the plate dissolved in the oil, which lefted behind a crude photograph image of the rooftops of his village
      • in 1829, Niepce went to work with another Frenchman caked Louis Daguerre. Together  they developed the daguerreotype method of photograph
        • This was announced to the world by the Insitut de France in 1938
          • Daguerre excitedly said "  I have sized the fleeting light and imprisoned .. I have forced the sun to paint pictured for me"
      • At the same time as the announcement  an Englishman William Fox Talbot , completely unaware, was working on his own method in photographic imaging
        • This was announced to the world by the Insitut de France in 1938
          • Daguerre excitedly said "  I have sized the fleeting light and imprisoned .. I have forced the sun to paint pictured for me"
        • He thought he invented photography so he was horrified by the French annoucement
        • He had successfully in making photographic images , but he hadn't found a way to make them permanet
        • in 1841 Fox Talbot  developed  the first negative-to-positive process.
          • This process was repeatable, which meant black and white prints were now possible
    • The Photography Explosion
      • The Victorians became obsessed with photography. By 1853 there were 80 professional studios in New York alone
      • Frederick Scott Archer made a big contribution to the photography explosion
        • He invented the collation plate, which basically enabled the making the negatives on glass plates
          • The process worked best when the siver nitrate was wet.
            • This meant photographers would have to travel around with a light-tight tent dark room, a camera, a tripod, water and a heavy load of glass plates and liquid silver solution
    • Photography for the Masses
      • In the early 1880s, the gelatine dry plate invented and put on the market.
        • This is important because it meant that photographers  no longer had to travel around with a portable darkroom.
        • The dry plates were much more light sensitive to light and that's how instantaneous images were made
        • Instead of covering and uncovering the lens to make an exposure, the shutter was added to the camera
          • The shutter s the mechanism used to control when and for how long the film inside the camera is exposed to  light. It is activated by pressing the button that takes the picture the button is correctly called the shutter button or shutter release button
          • People didn't suddenly become happier in the 1880s, but they were finally allowed to smile when their photograph was being taken
            • They didn't have to stay still for the 15-30 second exposure
              • The exposure time would depend on the light quality (On sunny days it was possible to  take hand-held pictures)
    • Kodak gets us at it
      • in 1885 an American named George Eastman made another very important invention.
        • He coated a light sensitive silver solution onto rolls of paper to make the first photographic paper
      • In 1888 Eastman created the Kodak trademark and was responsible for popularising photography by launching a camera already loaded with film, with the potential of 100 snaps
        • The camera  had a fixed focus and fixed shutter speed.
          • All the person would have to do is point and shoot.
            • Famous Kodak slogan: " You press the button, we do the rest"
        • Once the photographer took the snap, they would have to return the camera back to Kodak, who would process and print the pictures and reload the camera with new film.
    • Enter Leica
      • The first 35mm stills camera was launched in 1925, when the German company Leica introduced Leica 1 developed by Oskar Barnack,
        • This camera revolutionised the hand-held camera market
        • It was the first serious "miniature" camera (a term coined by the trade at the time)
          • It enabled photographers to capture reality spontaneously and to observe life as it was going on around them
    • The Modern compact
      • The compact camera was  launched in 1976 by Knonica
      • The camera had 35mm point-and-shot, automatic focusing and exposure. It also had an built in flash. It also had  fixed-focal length
        • This changed in 1980. The Minolta brought out the first compact camera with a zoom lens, offering a choice of two focal lens, which were 38mm and 60mm.
          • Today these compact camera called twins lens.
    • Digital Age
      • We are now in the latest photography revolution.
        • Although the digital camera have been around since the mid 1980s, it's only just been taken seriously.

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