The Geneva Accords of 1954 and Indochina as well as SEATO
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 20-06-17 20:55
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- The Geneva Accords of 1954 and Indochina as well as SEATO
- France, China, the USSR and VM agreed:
- Communists would govern Vt and Bai Dai and his new PM, Ngo Dinh Diem, would govern south.
- Ho's VM would have to give up territory they occupied south of 17th parallel
- There would be 10km demilitarised zone above that parallel
- There would be truce between French and VM
- Nationwide democratic elections would be held in 1956 and Vt would be reunified
- Neither N or S Vt were to make any military alliances with foreign powers or to allow foreign military bases in their territories
- South East Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO)
- Defensive alliance between:
- USA
- Britain
- France
- Australia
- New Zealand
- Pakistan
- The Philippines
- Thailand
- Origins
- Response of Eisenhower and Dulles, in light of Comm victory at Geneva Accords, to restore US 'prestige in the Far East
- SE Asia equivalent of NATO
- Mostly western states as newly independent countries refused to take part
- Each member pledged that in event of attack of SE Asia country, they would 'respond in accordance with its constituted processes'
- Elastic phrase
- Cambodia, SV and Laos were to be protected - American device to ignore Geneva stipulation Vt must not be entered by foreign alliances or troops
- GB Naval strategist and diplomat described SEATO as 'a fig leaf for nakedness of American policy'
- Failure in 1977
- SEATO despised by non-members and antagonised China
- SEATO forces never deployed
- Allies did send forces to assist US in Vt after 1965
- Austrailia sent 5000 troops
- Thailand sent 2000 and New Zealand under 500
- Very small numbers
- Despite achieving admirable social and economic work in SE Asia, Pakistan left in 1972, French withdrew finacial support in 1975 and SEATO formally dissolved in 1977
- Defensive alliance between:
- Significance of Geneva Accords
- Showed Ho Chi Minh that Chinese and Soviet support was limited
- In order to gain ceasefire, they deemed best for their own interest, they made him accept a settlement that forced VM to retreated behind 17th Parallel
- Ho reluctantly agreed because he believed there would be nationwide elections in 1956 (Eisenhower wrote in his 1963 memoirs that Ho would have won 90% of vote in fair election) and because he needed Chinese and Soviet aid and time to consolidate new regime in NV
- US significantly low to pick up and/or exploit these divisions with Communist world
- Although Dulles new there were Sino-Soviet tensions, he did not use them to advantage at Geneva
- Ceasefire between French and VM
- Not between VM and any SV government
- New Premier Diemm if South V rejected Accords because they put half of Vt under Communist control
- He rightly predicted that 'another more deadly war lay ahead'
- Eisenhower, unwilling to recognise Comm gov agreed to respect but not sign Geneva accords say US 'has not itself been a party to or bound by decisions taken' and warning America would view 'any renewal of aggression ' with grave concern
- US chose to interpret 17th parallel as permanent division rather than temporary
- Geneva settlement and Vt became victims of CW
- Showed Ho Chi Minh that Chinese and Soviet support was limited
- France, China, the USSR and VM agreed:
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