To create a global network of alliances in order to encirlcle USSR and China with pro-US allies.
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What was Eisenhower's strategy based on?
Based on the US providing a nuclear umbrella for its regional allies while they provided ground forces for regional defence Soviet aggression.
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What was the SEATO and when was it created?
The Southeast Asia Collective Defence Treaty, September 1954. SEATO was a defensive alliance created by John Foster Dulles in response to close Sino-Soviet relations.
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How was the Sino-Soviet alliance, formed in 1950, strengthened in 1953?
The USSR agreed to provide defence-related technology to China, during Sept+Oct Nikita Khrushchev visited China. The USSR provided signif. economic aid + technological expertise to strengthen China's economy + national security.
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How did Sino-Soviet relationships result in SEATO?
SEATO, collective defence treaty, was created by John Foster Dulles in reponse to the close Sino-Soviet relationship.
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What was SEATO comprised of? What was different to NATO?
Many were not SE Asia countries. Unlike NATO, where the majority of members were European states and collectively bordered each other, SEATO members had few common borders, being spread out over a wide area.
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Limitations of SEATO members?
Some members that may have been deemed in need of SEATO protection were left out such as Burma, S. Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.
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What was the FRG and who was it's first chancellor?
Federal Republic of Germany, Konrad Adenauer.
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When did the FRG join the Council of Europe and what did this allow them to do?
Nov 1949 - received the right to establish consulates in other countries and have direct representation on the Organisation of European Economic Cooperation (OEEC).
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What was the general treaty and when was it signed?
May 1952 - abolished the statute of occupation and recognised the full sovereignty of the FRG. Adenauer agreed to renounce nuclear weapons and keep the German army limited in size.
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When was West Germany admitted to NATO?
May 1955
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What was the Soviet reponse to Germany being admitted to NATO?
They immediately recognised the sovereignty of the GDR (East Germany) and created the Warsaw Pact.
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What did the FRG's entry to NATO show about US attitudes + commitments?
It showed the commitment the US had to the concept of regional alliances designed to contain communism as effectively as possible at the lowest cost to the US.
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What was the Warsaw Pact and when was it created?
May 1955 - Consolidation of Soviet relations with the satellite states, presented as a collective security strategy (non-threatening) but it served as a military reinforcement of the USSR's satellite structure.
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Which parts of Truman's national security policy did Eisenhower accept?
The US must retain influence in W. Europe + there should be a collective Western defence strategy incl. Germany, the US should retain influence in Asia, the Soviet threat was real + the US should retain a strong nuclear arsenal.
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What parts of Truman's national security did Eisenhower reject?
Truman's commitment to a major expansion of US conventional forces, he believed containment was limited + its effectiveness was insufficient.
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What was the major principle of Eisenhower's New Look policy?
Dulles was convinced that the security of US national interests + the guarantee of international peace were dependent on reducing the dominance of Soviet communism globally.
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What was massive retaliation?
Nuclear weapons assumed much greater significance and it was the US view that it should forcefully display its determination to use nuclear weapons and its nuclear superiority against any aggressor.
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What was brinkmanship?
Using nuclear strength to force agreements by reaching the verge of war without actually starting a war.
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How was the domino theory shown in French Indochina?
The USA's commitment to Vietnam was part of a wider SE Asia strategy based on containing communism by defending Japan, S. Korea and Taiwan.
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Who were the Viet Minh?
Nationalist, communist military force led by Ho Chi Minh.
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When + What happened at the battle of Dien Bien Phu? Effects?
April 1954 - French were at the point of military defeat at the hands of the Viet Minh and negotiations were convened at Geneva.
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When was the Geneva Conference?
July 1954
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What was agreed at the Geneva Conference?
Ceasefire, Vietnam was to be split along the 17th parallel + French forces were to withdraw from the North and Viet Minh forces from the South. Not intended to be permanent w/ free elections to take place in 2 years time.
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Who was the leader of S. Vietnam? How did the US react to the Geneva agreements?
Refused to sign the agreements, leader was Ngo Dinh Diem. (Pro-American, anti-communist)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was Eisenhower's strategy?
Back
To create a global network of alliances in order to encirlcle USSR and China with pro-US allies.
Card 3
Front
What was Eisenhower's strategy based on?
Back
Card 4
Front
What was the SEATO and when was it created?
Back
Card 5
Front
How was the Sino-Soviet alliance, formed in 1950, strengthened in 1953?
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