history cold war

?
  • Created by: zanaya
  • Created on: 26-01-17 15:35
View mindmap
  • The cold war
    • 1945- FebruaryYalta ConferenceCHURCHILL, ROOSEVELT, STALIN
      • Yalta Conference takes place
      • This meeting was held to decide what was going to happen after the war
      • Germany was going to be split into four zones for the- SOVIET UNION, BRITISH, FRENCH,USA
      • The United Nations would replace the League of Nations because it failed
      • Russia was invited to join the United Nations
      • Germany will pay reparationsA government of "national unity" was to be set up in Poland for both communists and non-communists
      • Free elections for new governments would be held in countries previously occupied in Eastern Europe. This part of the agreement was called "Declaration of Liberated Europe"Russia promised to join the war against Japan once Germany was defeated
      • Stalin promised to allow Eastern European countries that had been occupied by Soviet armed forces to have free electionsAt the Yalta conference it was agreed that the new boundaries of Poland would be altered. Land would be taken from Germany, and added to Poland. Land would be added to the Soviet Union, and taken from Poland
    • 1945
      • President Roosevelt died and Harry S Truman became president-Truman was suspicious of the USSRAttlee replaced ChurchillUSSR expanded westwards into Finland, Czechoslovakia, Romania and the Baltic StatesThe allies were now suspicious of each other. USA and Britain suspected that Stalin wanted to control Eastern Europe because he didn't want any free elections thereStalin thought Truman and Attlee were weak leaders because they were new to their jobs. This made him believe that he could do what he wanted
      • Germany surrenders
      • America has the atomic bombThe USA used the atomic bomb in 1945 in the final stages of the war against Japan by dropping one on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
      • 1945- 17 July to 2 AugustPotsdam- ATTLEE, TRUMAN, STALIN
        • The allies meet for a second time to discuss the outcome of WW2The new boundaries of Poland were agreedThe allies decided to divide Germany and Berlin between themThey agreed to legal trials at Numberg of Nazi leaders for war crimesTruman was angry by the fact a communist government was being set up in PolandTruman was angry abou the size of reparations for GermanyTruman did not tell Stalin he had an atomic bombArguments about the details of boundaries between the zonesDisagreements about the amount of reparations that Russia should take- Britain and USA thought that Russia's share was too muchTruman was angry because Stalin had arrested non-communist leaders in PolandAmerica and Britain were shocked because communists in countries in Eastern Europe were coming to powerTruman wanted to force the USSR to allow free elections in the Eastern European countries that the Soviets had occupied since the end of the war. Stalin refused pointing out that the UK was supporting the Greek government against communist influenceDuring the Potsdam conference Truman made it known to Stalin that the USA had tested the Atomic bomb and that they were going to use it to finish off the war in Japan. Stalin felt threatened that the Soviet Union was told so late about the bomb and by Truman's secrecy. This also be seen as a trigger of the arms race that followed
    • 1945-1948
      • From 1945-1948 the 4 sections of Berlin remained integrated. People could live and work in different sections. However, Marshall aid which was supplied to the British, USA and French sectors began to create economic differences between them and the Soviet Sector. The free integration of the sections during this time emphasised the difference in living standards for the Soviet sectorStalin installed pro-Soviet 'puppet governments in POLAND.....
    • 1946- MarchChurchill's speech
      • Churchill gave a speech in March 1946 referring to the 'iron curtain' that had descended on Europe. It was an ideological division, between those countries that were under Soviet Communist control and Capitalist Western countries as well as physical division
    • 1947- JanuaryBizonia
      • Britain and USA united their zones in Germany in the belief that this would help to rebuild the German economy.This made Stalin furious. Not only had Britain and the USA created Bizonia without consulting the Soviet Union, it had also decided to help rebuild Germany, something which Stalin found very threatening to Soviet security
    • 1947The marshall plan
      • The Marshall Plan was made available to all European countries. Eastern European countries were interested in joining this but on the realisation that the grants would be orientated towards establishing Capitalism, they were forced by Stalin to withdraw their applications
      • Truman had hoped to be able to undermine Communism by funding Eastern European countries with capitalist focussed funds. However, as soon as Stalin realised the implications  of the plan all countries within the Eastern bloc were forced to withdraw their applications
      • President Truman used the Marshall plan to stop the spread of Communism. This promised American aid to European countries to help rebuild their economies- West Germany benefited massively. The USA was worried that if Western europe it might be be vulnerable to communism
    • 1947- Truman Doctrine
      • The Truman Doctrine was created to aid European countries that were threatened by a communist takeoverAn example of this- The USA gave $400 million dollars to TURKEY and GREECE to try and stop the spread of communism in those countries, and also a civil war broke out in Greece in 1946 and Truman wanted to give the government all the help he coud.
    • 1947Britain and Greece
      • Britain could no longer afford to support to support Greece against falling into Communist control in 1947After the end of WW2 the British Army had been installed in Greece to support the Greek monarchy against the Communist guerrillas.By 1947 Britain could no longer afford to do this and so President Truman, rather than let Greece turn Communist too- took over from Britain and provided aid to Greece
    • 1948- FebruaryCzechoslovakia becomes Communist 
      • In Czechoslovakia the Communists did not win the majority in the elections in 1946. They therefore carried out a Coup d'etat, forcing the president to resign and enabling the Communists to control over the police and armed forces
    • 1948- MarchTrizone
      • France joined the British and American Bizonia which then became Trizone
      • Unlike the Soviet Union, the UK, French and USA wanted to merge their zones to make Germany stronger. The Soviet Union felt that Germany should remain as weak as possible as part as their pay back for the war and also to prevent any further threat of war. And since Stalin wanted to keep Germnay weak- he decided to BLOCKADE BERLIN. Berlin was in East Germany, which was controlled by the USSR- so Stalin ordered that all Land Communication between West Berlin and the outside world to be cut off.This relates back to the Potsdam conference
      • The new Western zone had a single government and a new currnecy to help economic recovery
    • 1948- June to May 1949
      • Stalin wanted to get rid of the Western influences in Berlin. In June 1948 he asked the Western allies to remove their armed forces and requested that all transportation connections between East and West Berlin  to be stopped. He closed the canal, road and rail routes. The only way that the Western allies could access their sector in Berlin was through airThe Berlin airlift was used as it was the only way to obtain suppliesBy 1949 8000 tons of being flown to West Berlin each dayStalin wanted to get rid of the Western influence in Berlin. In June 1948 he asked the Western allies to remove
    • 1949- July/August
      • USSR tests their own atomic bombThe development of the atomic bomb in the Soviet Union meant that America lost its nuclear superiority worldwideThis made America realise that it was no longer more militarily powerful than the Soviet Union. In response the USA began to create new weapons that would reinstate its military power- and thus began the Arms Race that prevailed throughout the Cold War
    • 1949 SeptemberComecon
      • In response to the Marshall plan that was set up by America. Stalin set up Comecon which was created in 1949. It was Stalin's equivalent to the Marshall planIt was designed to support countries within Eastern Europe in the aftermath of the second world war.However, the Soviet Union was economically unable to provide resources like the USA and so then Comecon became a massive drain on the Soviet economy. It was one of the main contributing factors to the Soviet bankruptcy of the 1980s
    • 1949- West Germany
      • n 1949 Stalin ended the BlockadeTwo new states were formed East Germany (German Democratic republic and West GermanyWest Germany that was occupied by the Americans, the French and the British merged together in 1948 and was named the Federal Republic of Germany on the 23rd May 1949 and Bonn was the capital
    • 1949- SeptemberNATO was formed
      • NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) against communist threatFollowing the Berlin Blockade, the West believed that they needed to form a unit of greater security. In April 1949 France, Britain and the USA along with 9 other countries agreed to form NATO which came into force in September 1949. It was a military defence agreement whereby each other promised to support the others if it were attacked
    • 1949
      • Stalin ended the blockade
    • 1949-1961
      • Between 1949 and 1961 more than 2.5 million people left East Germany for the West through East Berlin. This brought shame to the USSR and it made communism look bad
    • 1952-1953Rakosi was in power
      • Rakosi, a pro Stalinist, who was in power from 1952-1953. He had been installed by the Soviets. He used terror to control Hungary. It is estimated that 200,000 Hungarians were imprisoned under his rule and 2,000 people lost their lives because of him
    • 1953- SeptemberKhrushchev comes into power
      • The Soviet policy changed under the new leader Khrushchev- he was critical of Stalin and his policy's seemed less harsh. This became to be known as the 'thaw' of the Cold WarKhrushchev was in favour of a peaceful coexistence between the Capitalist and Communist states
    • 1955- Warsaw pact
      • The Eastern bloc formed the Warsaw pact which was a military treaty designed to counter NATOThe communist equivalent to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) was the WARSAW PACT1955- the Soviet Union created the Warsaw Pact this involved: POLAND, HUNGRY, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, ROMANIA, BULGARIA, ALBANIA and EAST GERMANYIt was designed to a joint command of the allied armed forces and also to create a Political Commitee
    • 1955Geneva Summit
      • Khrushchev made gestures of friendship to the Americans which eased tensionKhrushchev met with President Eisenhower (American) at the Geneva summit
    • 1955Krushchev
      • Khrushchev freed prisoners and reduced Censorship in the USSR.In 1955, he agreed to the Austrian State Treaty along with the US, FRANCE and BRITAIN (agreeing to withdraw occupying troops from AUSTRIA, allowing it to become an independent state).Austria declared itself to a neutral state
    • 1959Geneva and Camp David summits
      • Khrushchev and Eisenhower first met in Geneva but no agreement was made, but they agreed to meet later in SeptmeberA second meeting took place at Camp David in the US and again no agreement was made, so another meeting took place in 1960 in Paris
    • 1960- May 14thParis Summit
      • 13 days before the Paris Summit a U-2 spy-plane was caught flying over USSR territory and was shot downEisenhower lied and said it was a weather plane, but the USSR had the plan wreckage as evidence and the pilot- Gary Powers who was still alive (he was later captured)The summit didn't really work out Khrushchev demanded an apology but Eisenhower refused so Khrushchev went home
    • 1961- JuneThe Vienna Summit
      • The Vienna Summit of 1961 was a meeting between Kennedy and Khrushchev to discuss the issues between the two Super Powers.At the summit Khrushchev renewed his 6 month request for the Western powers to leave BerlinBecause of this Kennedy decided to increase defence spending and prepared for war. The USSR military wasn't as strong as the US- So Khrushchev had to fing another way to end the Berlin issueKhrushchev threatened to sign the Peace Agreement with Ulbricht of East Germany, which would cut off Western access to Berlin and East Germany would take over take over the roads and air routes preventing Western access to Berlin if no decision was made between the Western powers and the Soviet Union made before the end of the war. It was Kennedy's response that made Khrushchev realise that Kennedy was a strong character  Khrushchev had thought that he would be able to bully Kennedy because he was inexperienced but Kennedy stood strong at the summit.
    • 1961- August 13thBerlin Wall
      • In 1961 the Berlin wall was built

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar History resources:

See all History resources »See all The Cold War resources »