TB3 Development and Language Topics
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- Created on: 13-05-15 19:58
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- TB3 Development & Language Topics
- Lecture 1; Infant abilities
- The METHODS used for testing infants
- High Amplitude Sucking (HAS)
- Looking time methods
- Habituation
- Violation of Expectation
- Spontaneous visual preference
- Physiological measures
- Heart rate
- High-density event related potentials
- Eye Movement
- The ABILITIES that young infants have
- Preferential looking, indicating ability to discriminate between stimuli
- Object permanence
- Experience expectant behaviours
- Violation of expectation
- Reflexes
- Orienting reflexes
- Innate sucking
- Crying
- Habituation/ Boredom'
- Empirical EVIDENCE for these abilities
- (See seperate resource)
- The METHODS used for testing infants
- Lecture 2; Brain Development
- Development during the...
- Prenatal period
- Structural and neural development
- Cellular development
- Post-natal period
- Synapto-genesis
- Synaptic pruning
- Synapto-genesis
- Processes in neural development
- Prenatal period
- Behavioural correlates of early brain development
- Involuntary reflexes
- What are they?
- 'Moro' reflex
- Grasping/ Darwinian reflex
- Stepping reflex
- Voluntary motion
- Involuntary reflexes
- Environ-mental influences on development
- Teratology; the study of adverse circumstances of exposure to environ-mental agents
- Prenatal brain has been shown to be sensitive to negative influences
- Alcohol = Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Characteristics
- Malnutrition
- As-well as positive ones!
- Brain growth and environ-mental stimulation
- Plasticity
- Brain growth and environ-mental stimulation
- Alcohol = Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Prenatal brain has been shown to be sensitive to negative influences
- Brain growth and environ-mental stimulation
- Plasticity
- Research into neural effects of environ-mental effects (e.g neglect)
- Teratology; the study of adverse circumstances of exposure to environ-mental agents
- Development during the...
- Lecture 3; Socio-emotional Development
- Are human infants BORN social?
- Evolutionary perspectives
- Bowlby (1969), Social baby 'character-istics'
- Lorenz (1943), 'Baby schema', 'facial 'cuteness'
- Parent- infant interactions
- Expressions
- Smiling
- What are these used for from an evopsych perspective?
- Crying
- What are these used for from an evopsych perspective?
- Emotional expressions
- Facial expressions developing before birth?
- Basic v.s complex emotions
- HOWEVER, complex emotions require a sense of self, do very young infants have a sense of self?
- Do young infants express COMPLEX emotions?
- The distinction between them
- HOWEVER, complex emotions require a sense of self, do very young infants have a sense of self?
- Research into infants displaying basic and complex expressions
- Implications and conflict in the research
- Crying
- Smiling
- Social referencing and expectations
- Evolutionary perspectives
- Do young infants express COMPLEX emotions?
- Can newborns IMITATE the actions of others?
- Neonatal imitation research
- Controversial!
- Reflexes v.s voluntary motion
- Reflexes v.s voluntary motion
- Neonatal imitation research
- Do newborns have a preference for VISUAL stimuli?
- Human facial preference
- Innate predisposition?
- (Not visual) Do infants also show a preference for human voices?
- Human facial preference
- Are human infants BORN social?
- Lecture 4; Gesture Development
- DEVELOP MENT of gesture in infancy
- Related to social and speech cognition
- Oral-motor synchrony
- Babbling and rhythmic movement
- Silent babbling
- Word comprehen sion & Pointing
- FUNCTIONS of gesture
- Pointing
- Declarative pointing
- Social cognition
- Sharing mental states
- 'Helping'!
- Declarative pointing
- Enactive naming e.g drinking from an empty cup
- Aka symbolic gestures
- Cultural differences in symbolic gestures
- What is it/ what is it for?
- Aka symbolic gestures
- Gestures as preceding and signalling oncoming changes in speech
- Pointing
- Can ENCOURAG ING gesture encourage language development?
- The rationale behind this claim
- Evidence
- Wider benefits of enhanced gesture
- Improved synchronic interactions
- Eliciting caregiver responsiveness
- Possibly change mother perspective of infant?
- Increase sensitivity?
- Enhance maternal mind-mindedness?
- What is mind-mindedness?
- Why is this relavent?
- What is mind-mindedness?
- Evaluation of baby signing
- Enhance maternal mind-mindedness?
- What is mind-mindedness?
- Why is this relavent?
- What is mind-mindedness?
- General conclusions
- Enhance maternal mind-mindedness?
- The rationale behind this claim
- DEVELOP MENT of gesture in infancy
- Tutorial; Infant Face Perception
- Lecture 1; Infant abilities
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