geogr
- Created by: selene98
- Created on: 06-05-15 09:30
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- Strategies to increase food supply
- The green revolution - began in 1940s
- Spread the use of intensive farming methods and the use of technology
- Positives - food production increased through
- Higher yielding crops and animals
- Monocultures (growing one crop over one large area)
- Irrigation technologies, e.g. groundwater pumping
- Agrochemicals; pesticides, herbicides, etc
- Mechanisation, e.g. machines for harvesting, weeding, etc
- Negative impacts
- Bankruptcy of small farms, leading to unemployment + food shortages
- Lower food security, e.g. monoculture can be wiped out by one pest
- Monoculture can reduce biodiversity
- Over-irrigation can lead to salinization and waterlogging
- Pollution from Agrochemicals
- Soil erosion and reduced fertility by mechanisation
- Pesticides can lead to superpests, resistant to pesticides
- India began in 1961 + financed agrochemicals, developed irrigation systems. Yields (rice) tripled
- Genetic Modification (GM)
- Crops that have been altered by the addition of genes that give them beneficial characteristics
- Can be modified to make them increase food production
- Produce herbicides
- Herbicide and pesticide tolerant
- Resistant to disease
- Higher yielding, by increasing the size or rate of growth
- Longer-lasting
- Resistant to harsh environmental conditions
- Bt maze and Bt cotton contain a gene to produce toxins tolerant to insecticides
- Negative impacts
- More agrochemicals to be used can cause environmental damage
- Pesticides produced can harm non-pest species
- Cross-pollination can lead to death of other plants
- Land colonisation
- When humans move to a land that hasn't been used before
- e.g. 2mil hectares of the Amazon forest are cleared a day
- Disadvantages
- Environmental damage, e.g. deforestation
- Conflicts with indigenous population
- Land reform
- When land is redistributed, e.g. from gov to people
- e,g, Albania in 90s, 380k farms redistributed
- Disadvantages
- Conflicts over ownership of land
- Human rights violations
- Commercialisation
- Increases production through GREEN REVOLUTION technologies
- e.g. Kenya's 4th largest tea exporter making it the country's main income
- Disadvantages
- Food shortages for the locals due to best land used
- Problems with Green Rev techs
- Appropriate Technologies
- Simple and low techs that increase food productions
- Made and maintained by local knowledge and resources ONLY
- e.g. Treadle pump, a human powered pump, from Bangladesh 80s.
- Pumps water from below the ground to irrigate small areas of land
- It has increased Bangladeshi farmer's income by $100
- Important as rice needs lots of water to grow
- Disadvantages
- Labour intensive
- The green revolution - began in 1940s
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