sociology hw
- Created by: Kaitlint11
- Created on: 31-01-23 11:10
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- Demographic Changes in the UK since 1945
- Birth Rates
- = number of live births per 1000 of the population per year
- since 2001 the birth rate has steadily risen
- baby booms after the world wars in 1957-1966 and 1986-1992
- explanations for the decline in birth rate:
- decline in infant mortality rate
- change in women's attitudes towards childbearing
- increasing cost of raising children
- Fertility Rate
- total fertility rate was almost 3 babies per woman in 1960s but about 1.6 in 2001
- family sizes have decreased
- = number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 per year
- declined over past 100 years but recovering since 2000s
- explanations for decline:
- reliable birth control
- feminisation of economy (women having less and later due to pursuing careers first)
- highest rate of fertility is in age group 30-34 in 2012
- recent increase in fertility credited to increase in immigrants
- Death Rate
- = number of deaths per 1000 of the population per year
- steady decline in death rate
- life expectancy increased
- 63 & 67 for men & women (1945)
- 79 & 82 for men & women (2018)
- explanations for decreasing death rate:
- rising wages improved standard of living
- public health policies
- social housing (council)
- NHS introduction
- created an aging population
- Migration
- factors influencing migration:
- globalisation
- push factors (pushed out of country)
- pull factors (influenced to migrate)
- migrants to continually contribute to increasing birth & fertility rates
- migrants more likely to be of child bearing age
- factors influencing migration:
- Birth Rates
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